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Topic Review
Pierre Robin Complex
The phenotype currently accepted as Pierre Robin syndrome/sequence/anomalad/complex (PR) is characterized by mandibular dysmorphology, glossoptosis, respiratory obstruction, and in some cases, cleft palate. A causative sequence of developmental events is hypothesized for PR, but few clear causal relationships between discovered genetic variants, dysregulated gene expression, precise cellular processes, pathogenesis, and PR-associated anomalies are documented.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Jan 2021
Topic Review
MRNA-Enhanced Cell Therapy
mRNA has emerged as an important biomolecule in the global call for the development of therapies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Synthetic in vitro-transcribed (IVT) mRNA can be engineered to mimic naturally occurring mRNA and can be used as a tool to target “undruggable” diseases. Recent advancement in the field of RNA therapeutics have addressed the challenges inherent to this drug molecule and this approach is now being applied to several therapeutic modalities, from cancer immunotherapy to vaccine development.
  • 1.1K
  • 03 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Smart Agriculture
Smart agriculture, or precision agriculture, is a crucial way to achieve greater yields by utilizing the natural deposits in a diverse environment. The yield of a crop may vary from year to year depending on the variations in climate, soil parameters and fertilizers used. Automation in the agricultural industry moderates the usage of resources and can increase the quality of food in the post-pandemic world. Agricultural robots have been developed for crop seeding, monitoring, weed control, pest management and harvesting. Physical counting of fruitlets, flowers or fruits at various phases of growth is labour intensive as well as an expensive procedure for crop yield estimation. Remote sensing technologies offer accuracy and reliability in crop yield prediction and estimation. The automation in image analysis with computer vision and deep learning models provides precise field and yield maps. In this review, it has been observed that the application of deep learning techniques has provided a better accuracy for smart farming. The crops taken for the study are fruits such as grapes, apples, citrus, tomatoes and vegetables such as sugarcane, corn, soybean, cucumber, maize, wheat. The research works which are carried out in this research paper are available as products for applications such as robot harvesting, weed detection and pest infestation. The methods which made use of conventional deep learning techniques have provided an average accuracy of 92.51%.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Mexican Medicinal Plants
Some natural compounds belonging to the group of Mexican medicinal plants or “Mexican folk medicine”are  used for pain management in Mexico.
  • 1.1K
  • 14 May 2021
Topic Review
Probiotics and Campylobacter spp.
Campylobacter spp. are widely distributed microorganisms, many of which are commensals of gastrointestinal tract in multiple animal species, including poultry. Most commonly detected are C. jejuni and C. coli. Although infections are usually asymptomatic in poultry, poultry meat and products represent main sources of infection with these bacteria to humans. According to recent EFSA report, campylobacteriosis is the most commonly reported zoonotic disease. In 2018, EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards indicated that use of feed and water additives is the second most likely strategy that can be successful in minimizing Campylobacter spp. colonization rate in broiler chickens. One of those feed and water additives are probiotics. From numerous research papers it can be concluded that probiotics exhibit plenty of mechanisms of anti-Campylobacter activity, which were evaluated under in vitro conditions.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 May 2021
Topic Review
Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs）
Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs) are accounting for 8% of the human genome. These sequences are remnants from ancient germline infections by exogenous retroviruses. After million years of evolution and multiple integrations, HERVs have acquired many damages rendering them defective. At steady state, HERVs are mostly localized in the heterochromatin and silenced by methylation. Multiple conditions have been described to induce their reactivation, including auto-immune diseases and cancers. HERVs re-expression leads to RNA (simple and double-stranded) and DNA production (by reverse transcription), modulating the innate immune response. Some studies also argue for a role of HERVs in shaping the evolution of innate immunity, notably in the development of the interferon response. However, their exact role in the innate immune response, particularly in cancer, remains to be defined. In this review, we see how HERVs could be key-players in mounting an antitumor immune response.
  • 1.1K
  • 03 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Network Analysis of Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequently diagnosed neurodegenerative disorder worldwide and the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and is on the rise [1]. The disorder is characterised by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles; cell loss, vascular damage and dementia follow as a direct result of the vicious cycle of their deposition.  Along with age and family history, inheritance also plays an essential role in the development of AD. Among several genetic risk factors, the APP, PSEN1, PSEN2 had been identified as a causative factor for early-onset AD, the APOE-ε4 allele (encodes a protein that transports cholesterol in the bloodstream) was shown to have a strong impact on late-onset AD. However, studies based on APOE status among different racial and ethnic groups have shown inconsistent results .Despite a number of treatments being approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), none of those therapeutic strategies can cure the disease . There is strong evidence that early diagnosis and treatment might help to decelerate the progression of the disease and maintain brain function. Therefore, rational development of medical approaches (e.g., sophisticated brain imaging studies and discovery of novel candidate genes, proteins, and other substances in blood or cerebrospinal fluid) are fundamental for better understanding of the molecular factors that contribute to disease progression, and for improving the early diagnosis and treatment decisions.
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Multi-Organ Failure in COVID-19 Patients
Patients with severe COVID-19 infection often develop multi-organ failure. The damage to organs and organ systems is either through direct infection or hampered physiological processes in response to the infection. It is crucial to consider the immune system as the focal point to understand better and integrate the other organs’ complications.
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Anterior Open Bite Treatment with Skeletal Anchorage
Anterior open bite (AOB) is still one of the most difficult and demanding clinical problems. This malocclusion relies on a reduction in the vertical relationship between the incisal edges of the upper and lower incisors.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation, commonly known as AFib or AF, is the most commonly treated type of arrhythmia. Arrhythmias are heartbeats that are slow, fast, or irregular.
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Standards on Occupational Risk and Safety of Nanotechnology
Nanomaterials offer new technical and commercial opportunities but, due to their low particle size, raise occupational health and safety concerns and may also pose risks to the consumers and the environment. Many standards at the ISO level, or at European level, have been developed in the area of nanotechnologies, taking into account, namely, occupational risk and safety. 
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Alcohol and Prostate Cancer
Alcohol consumption is linked to the risk of prostate cancer (PCa). High alcohol intake, especially binge drinking, is associated with increased risk for PCa, and this effect is not limited to any type of beverage. Alcohol consumption is also directly linked to PCa lethality as it may accelerate the growth of prostate tumors and significantly shorten the time for the progression to metastatic PCa. 
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase
Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, also referred to as SOD2), which detoxifies superoxide, a ROS that has been shown, when its normal physiological levels are disrupted, to lead to oncogenicity and therapy resistance. 
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Eco-innovation in Digital Business Services
Sustainability has played a crucial role in corporate strategic planning and investor relationships, reflecting government policies and consumer demands for more sustainable products, with lower carbon footprints. Companies’ abilities to raise funds, and finance their long-term development, depend on how they set Environmental, Social, and Corporate Governance (ESG) goals and restructure their processes to adhere to these. Digital business services (DBS) companies are among those recognizing the importance of climate change and the need to improve their eco-performance. The environmental dimension of ESG, examining eco-innovation related actions such as: ways to improve environmental performance of DBS in production and operation by managing resource use (energy, water), environmental preservation and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This exploratory analysis of DBS companies’ current activities may be helpful for companies considering how their energy transition may be facilitated, for example, by financing renewable energy products and supply chain improvements aimed at reducing net-zero emissions and building future operational resilience.
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Ferroptosis and Pre-Eclampsia Therapy
Iron is essential for cell survival, and iron deficiency is a known risk factor for many reproductive diseases. Paradoxically, such disorders are also more common in cases of iron overload. Here, the researchers evaluated the role of ferroptosis in women’s health, particularly focusing on pre-eclampsia (PE). PE is a multisystem disorder and is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, especially when the condition is of early onset. Nevertheless, the exact etiological mechanism of PE remains unclear. Interestingly, ferroptosis, as a regulated iron-dependent cell death pathway, involves a lethal accumulation of lipid peroxides and shares some characteristics with PE pathophysiology. 
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Grapevine Wastes as a Source of Antioxidants
Wine production is one of the most critical agro-industrial sectors worldwide, generating large amounts of waste with negative environmental impacts, but also with high economic value and several potential applications. From wine shoots to grape pomace or seeds, all of the wastes are rich sources of bioactive compounds with beneficial effects for human health, with these compounds being raw materials for other industries such as the pharmaceutical, cosmetic or food industries. Furthermore, these compounds present health benefits such as being antioxidants, supporting the immune system, anti-tumoral, or preventing cardiovascular and neural diseases.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Applications of Electromicrobiology
Electromicrobiology is concerned with the interplay of microbes with electronic equipment and the electrical characteristics of microorganisms. Bioelectrochemical systems are those in which an organism provides electrons. Bioelectrochemical systems are pretty similar to electrochemical methods in their fundamentals. Electrochemical systems generally use electricity to begin a chemical reaction or create power via a chemical reaction.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Role of OM in Gram-Negative Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacteria
The cell envelope in Gram-negative bacteria is made of an outer membrane (OM), peptidoglycan cell wall (CW), and inner membrane (IM). lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a peculiar glycolipid unique to Gram-negative bacteria is the hallmark of OM that consists of a glucosamine-based lipid (lipid A) attached to a core oligosaccharide followed by a distal polysaccharide chain. This incredible variability in LPS that is attained through unique organization and adaptability to multiple secondary covalent modifications plays a key role in the multi-drug-resistant (MDR) of Gram-negative bacteria.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Climate-friendly Gardening
Climate-friendly gardening is gardening in ways which reduce emissions of greenhouse gases from gardens and encourage the absorption of carbon dioxide by soils and plants in order to aid the reduction of global warming. To be a climate-friendly gardener means considering both what happens in a garden and the materials brought into it and the impact they have on land use and climate. It can also include garden features or activities in the garden that help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions elsewhere.
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Igo Hatsuyōron
Igo Hatsuyōron (囲碁 発陽論, literally : On yang production in the game of go, often abbreviated Hatsuyōron) is a collection of 183 go problems (mostly tsumego), compiled in 1713 by the Japanese go master Inoue Dōsetsu Inseki. Until the end of the 19th century, the Hatsuyōron remained a closely guarded secret of the Inoue house, where it was used to drill the best disciples in the tactics. It became public after the collapse of the Four go houses; several incorrect editions are published, before the discovery in 1982 of a copy that is close to the original now lost. Igo Hatsuyōron is considered the most difficult of such collections, and as such is still used for training Go professionals. It contains many problems so complex that false or incomplete solutions were given in the first editions, and in particular an exceptional problem by its theme and its depth, rediscovered in 1982, and which is not yet completely solved in 2015.
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Oct 2022
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