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Topic Review
TP63 Gene
Tumor protein p63: The TP63 gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor protein p63 (also known simply as p63). 
  • 1.2K
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Nutritional Issues in SMA
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), the main genetic cause of infant death, is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the selective loss of motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord, accompanied by muscle wasting. Pathomechanically, SMA is caused by low levels of the survival motor neuron protein (SMN) resulting from the loss of the SMN1 gene. However, emerging research extends the pathogenic effect of SMN deficiency beyond motor neurons. A variety of metabolic abnormalities, especially altered fatty acid metabolism and impaired glucose tolerance, has been described in isolated cases of SMA; therefore, the impact of SMN deficiency in metabolic abnormalities has been speculated. Although the life expectancy of these patients has increased due to novel disease-modifying therapies and standardization of care, understanding of the involvement of metabolism and nutrition in SMA is still limited. Optimal nutrition support and metabolic monitoring are essential for patients with SMA, and a comprehensive nutritional assessment can guide personalized nutritional therapy for this vulnerable population. It has recently been suggested that metabolomics studies before and after the onset of SMA in patients can provide valuable information about the direct or indirect effects of SMN deficiency on metabolic abnormalities. Furthermore, identifying and quantifying the specific metabolites in SMA patients may serve as an authentic biomarker or therapeutic target for SMA.
  • 1.2K
  • 12 Oct 2021
Topic Review
CRISPR/Cas9 in Breast Cancer Therapeutic
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer globally and is among the leading causes of death in women. Its heterogenic nature is a result of the involvement of numerous aberrant genes that contribute to the multi-step pathway of tumorigenesis. Despite the fact that several disease-causing mutations have been identified, therapy is often aimed at alleviating symptoms rather than rectifying the mutation in the DNA sequence. The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 is a groundbreaking tool that is being utilized for the identification and validation of genomic targets bearing tumorigenic potential. CRISPR/Cas9 supersedes its gene-editing predecessors through its unparalleled simplicity, efficiency and affordability.
  • 1.2K
  • 06 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Ca2+-Independent Phospholipase A2β
The Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β) is a member of the PLA2 family that has been proposed to have roles in multiple biological processes including membrane remodeling, cell proliferation, bone formation, male fertility, cell death, and signaling. Such involvement has led to the identification of iPLA2β activation in several diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular abnormalities, glaucoma, periodontitis, neurological disorders, diabetes, and other metabolic disorders. More recently, there has been heightened interest in the role that iPLA2β plays in promoting inflammation.
  • 1.2K
  • 10 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Telomerase and Telomere Natural Modulation
Proper functioning of cells—their ability to divide, differentiate, and regenerate—is dictated by genomic stability. The main factors contributing to this stability are the telomeric ends that cap chromosomes. All these processes are accompanied by telomere-length modulation. Maintaining the key levels of telomerase component (hTERT) expression and telomerase activity that provide optimal telomere length as well as some nontelomeric functions represents a promising step in advanced anti-aging strategies, especially in dermocosmetics. Therefore telomere biology and telomerase activity have been of interest to scientists in various medical science fields for years, including the study of both cancer and of senescence and aging. This paper focuses on the metabolic potential of natural compounds to modulate telomerase and telomere biology and thus prevent senescence and skin aging.
  • 1.2K
  • 11 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Groundwaters’ Pollution and Stygofauna Communities
Pollution is a major threat for freshwater ecosystems; particularly, environmental degradation is depleting water resources, whether because the surface waters contain higher amounts of pollutants, or because pollutants through the soil attain even the underground water reserves. Assessing the effects of pollution is recently considered among the most relevant aims for subterranean biology. However, the impact of pollution on stygofauna varies according to pollutants typology and abundance, and assessing its effects may not be trivial. Even in cases of relatively small concentrations of pollutants in soils and epikarst, their release may be prolonged and determine a chronic groundwater pollution with unexpected detrimental effects. As stygobionts usually have long life cycles, the comprehension of exposure to certain compounds is far from being understood and may have implications on survival, fitness, and fertility rates. Stygofauna is likely intolerant to even a small alteration of such chemical concentrations.
  • 1.2K
  • 13 Jul 2021
Topic Review
IoT Privacy Preservation Using Blockchain
IoT uses a large number of devices and most of these devices are resource-constrained. Blockchain being light-weighted is a great solution for privacy preservation in resource-constrained devices. The privacy aspect of blockchain comes from its ability to provide transparency in a distributed network.
  • 1.2K
  • 15 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Vascular Regulation by endothelial Cells
Human umbilical cord (HUC) is a suitable source for isolation of endothelial cells (ECs) since it has no particular ethical impediments and is considered a non-tumorigenic and less immunogenic model. for this reason, HUC represents an advantageous experimental source for the isolation of endothelial cells. The ECs can produce/release molecules that modulate vasoconstriction and vasorelaxation by smooth muscle cells (SMC).
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Sodium-Vanadium Bronze Na9V14O35
Na9V14O35 (η-NaxV2O5) has been synthesized by a solid-state route in an evacuated sealed silica tube and tested as electroactive material for Na half-cells. Being charged to 4.6 V vs. Na+/Na, almost 3 Na can be extracted per Na9V14O35 formula unit, resulting in a charge capacity of about 60 mAh g−1. Upon discharge below 1 V, Na9V14O35 uptakes Na up to the Na:V = 1:1 atomic ratio that is accompanied by a drastic increase of the separation between the layers of the VO4 tetrahedra and VO5 tetragonal pyramids, and a volume increase of about 31%. The induced structure instability triggers a transformation of the ordered layered Na9V14O35 structure into a rock-salt type disordered structure. Ultimately, the amorphous products of a conversion reaction are formed at 0.1 V, delivering the discharge capacity up to 490 mAh g−1, which, however, quickly fades with the number of charge-discharge cycles.
  • 1.2K
  • 11 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Autophagy in Parenchymal and Non-Parenchymal Liver Cells
Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular process for the ordered degradation and recycling of cellular components in lysosomes. In the liver this process is relevant for maintaining liver homeostasis, especially in conditions of hepatic insults.
  • 1.2K
  • 17 Jan 2022
Topic Review
The Urobiome
The microbiome of the urinary tract plays a significant role in maintaining health through the impact on bladder homeostasis. Urobiome is of great importance in maintaining the urothelial integrity and preventing urinary tract infection, as well as promoting local immune function.
  • 1.2K
  • 19 Jan 2022
Topic Review
The Involvement of Oxidative Stress in Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory dermatosis characterized by the appearance of erythematous plaques, covered by white scales, occasionally pruritogenic, and distributed mainly on the extensor areas. Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance or a transient or chronic increase in the levels of free oxygen/nitrogen radicals, either as a result of the exaggerated elevation in their production or the decrease in their ability to be eliminated by antioxidant systems. Although the pathogenesis of psoriasis remains far from elucidated, there are studies that delineate an involvement of oxidative stress in this skin disorder.
  • 1.2K
  • 10 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Diet/Nutrition for Cancer Survivors with Chronic Pain
Chronic pain in cancer survivors is related to obesity, malnutrition, nutritional deficiency, diet quality, immune system, systemic inflammation, and gut microbiota. As seen clearly, dietary interventions may provide weight reduction, a healthy body weight, good diet quality, regulations in systemic inflammation and immune system, and a healthy gut microbiota environment that could modify aforementioned pain-related pathways/mechanisms. For that reason, nutrition might have the potential to transition from being only prevention for cancer recurrence or cancer itself to a modality for chronic pain management for cancer survivors.
  • 1.2K
  • 17 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Integrins in Modulating Smooth Muscle Cell Plasticity
Smooth muscle cells (SMCs), present in the media layer of blood vessels, are crucial in maintaining vascular homeostasis. Upon vascular injury, SMCs show a high degree of plasticity, undergo a change from a “contractile” to a “synthetic” phenotype, and play an essential role in the pathophysiology of diseases including atherosclerosis and restenosis. Integrins are cell surface receptors, which are involved in cell-to-cell binding and cell-to-extracellular-matrix interactions. By binding to extracellular matrix components, integrins trigger intracellular signaling and regulate several of the SMC function, including proliferation, migration, and phenotypic switching. 
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Polyadenylation in Animal Cells
During polyadenylation, a polyadenosine sequence-namely, a poly(A) tail-is added to the 3′ end of a transcript. Together with the removal of introns and the addition of a 5′ cap, polyadenylation constitutes a major step in pre-mRNA maturation. The polyadenylation process can be divided into two major steps: first, newly transcribed pre-mRNA is cleaved and its 3′ end is generated; then, a specific enzyme-poly(A) polymerase (PAP)-generates the poly(A) tail independently from the template, starting from the cleavage site.
  • 1.2K
  • 03 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Ground Movement Due to Swelling/Shrinkage of Nicosia Marl
The social and economic impact of expansive soils has been historically significant and is becoming more important in recent years as urban centers expand into areas covering such soils. The research mentioned here are meant to help in understanding the relationship between the spatial distribution of the causal factors and the magnitude of this phenomenon. Its findings can be of benefit to state authorities and other policy makers, as well as the construction industry, in planning future urban development and the maintenance of existing infrastructure.
  • 1.2K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Think Twice to Achieve a Sustainable Project Management
This work aims at contributing to a new Sustainable Project Management (SPM) paradigm, focusing on the role of project managers as a key element. The contribution of this research has both practical and theoretical implications. It presents the first results of a project developed under the Erasmus+ program Think Twice, recommending a set of ecological practices to motivate and develop project managers’ skills to adopt Sustainable Project Management. Subsequently, supported by a literature review and content analysis of the data collected for this project, an original conceptual model is presented: the Project Management Triple Sustainability Cube. This tool is intended to guide project managers on their journey to sustainability in project management, comprehensively and systematically. To this end, the tool outlines guidelines for adopting comprehensive practices according to the triple bottom line sustainability vectors (environmental, social, and economic) relating to people, processes, and innovative solutions (go/no digital) throughout the project life cycle.
  • 1.2K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Zebrafish as a Model for Cancer Treatments
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a vertebrate model species traditionally used for studying developmental biology and vertebrate genetics, and more recently, to model human diseases such as cancer. The role of zebrafish as a platform for anticancer therapy studies has been highly evidenced, allowing researchers not only to perform drug screenings but also to evaluate novel therapies such as immunotherapies and nanotherapies.
  • 1.2K
  • 17 May 2022
Topic Review
COVID-19 and Autoimmune Liver Diseases
SARS-CoV-2 infection can trigger autoimmune responses, either by a systemic hyperstimulation of the immune system or molecular mimicry (or both). COVID-19 can activate a hyperstimulation of the immune system or, through the exposure to foreign peptides homologous to human peptides (molecular mimicry), contribute to the development of autoantibodies and autoimmune liver diseases.
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Theoretical Framework of DEA in Sustainable Suppliers Selection
Supply chains and their management and governance are a complex system that strives to minimize costs and maximize the level of service, and its focus today should primarily be on the selection of sustainable (green) suppliers. Sustainable (green) suppliers improve and assist sustainable business models in the field of supply chain management. With an emphasis on sustainability and environmental care, the selection of green suppliers should be a central component and goal in supply chain management. The data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a linear mathematical programming technique that is used for the evaluation of the performance (i.e., the relative efficiencies) of a group of complex entities referred to as Decision-Making Units (DMUs). Application of the DEA model in the process of selecting sustainable suppliers and the best sustainable strategy in the supply chain contributes to increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of the entire supply chain. It also contributes to the sustainability concept in the supply chain design 
  • 1.2K
  • 09 Jun 2022
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