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Topic Review
Nano-Based Transdermal Delivery Systems
Microneedling significantly enhanced transdermal delivery of both ALA and TMP in vitro. The MN hydrogel-forming system was comparable with the MN dissolving system for ALA delivery (~3000 nmol/cm2over 6h), however superior for delivery of the much larger TMP molecule (~14 nmol/cm2over 24h, compared to 0.15 nmol/cm2). Thus, these results have opened the potential for investigating microneedling with many other PSs.
  • 1.2K
  • 11 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Lewy Body Dementias
Lewy body dementias (LBDs) consist of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD), which are clinically similar syndromes that share neuropathological findings with widespread cortical Lewy body deposition, often with a variable degree of concomitant Alzheimer pathology. The objective of this article is to provide an overview of the neuropathological and clinical features, current diagnostic criteria, biomarkers, and management of LBD. Literature research was performed using the PubMed database, and the most pertinent articles were read and are discussed in this paper. The diagnostic criteria for DLB have recently been updated, with the addition of indicative and supportive biomarker information. The time interval of dementia onset relative to parkinsonism remains the major distinction between DLB and PDD, underpinning controversy about whether they are the same illness in a different spectrum of the disease or two separate neurodegenerative disorders. The treatment for LBD is only symptomatic, but the expected progression and prognosis differ between the two entities. Diagnosis in prodromal stages should be of the utmost importance, because implementing early treatment might change the course of the illness if disease-modifying therapies are developed in the future. Thus, the identification of novel biomarkers constitutes an area of active research, with a special focus on α-synuclein markers. 
  • 1.2K
  • 16 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Deep Learning Neural Network Discriminate Multi-Cancer Types
Detecting cancers at early stages can dramatically reduce mortality rates. Therefore, practical cancer screening at the population level is needed.  Researchers employ artificial deep learning neural networks (NN) and noncoding RNA biomarkers to develop an accurate cancer detection system, with >96% AUC for binarily detecting cancers vs normal.
  • 1.2K
  • 20 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Performance Assessment of Offshore Oil and Gas Platforms
Within the oil and gas (O&G) production and drilling processes of today, there are challenges in maintaining the system for numerous reasons, ranging from international competition to market globalization, regulatory compliance, and the complexity brought by technological advancement. Furthermore, with the inflating maintenance costs and increasing failure frequency impacting production safety, the issue of non-sustainability in O&G companies is made worse by surplus or inefficient maintenance. Thus, maintenance has direct sustainability-related impacts regarding social importance, influence on energy demand, exploiting physical resources, and environmental pollution. Since the performance and competitiveness of an industry are affected by reliability and environmental safety, it has become important to find a practical approach for sustainability and integrate it into maintenance processes.
  • 1.2K
  • 10 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Sovateltide in Curbing Neurovascular Diseases
Neurological/neurovascular disorders constitute the leading cause of disability and the second leading cause of death globally. Major neurological/neurovascular disorders or diseases include cerebral stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, spinal cord injury, neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and others. Their pathophysiology is considered highly complex and is the main obstacle in developing any drugs for these diseases. Studies have demonstrated the highly promising effects of sovateltide on the neurovascular system and improved recovery, comprehensively after various injuries/insults, which have generated immense hope of developing an effective therapy with the potential to treat various neurological disorders.
  • 1.2K
  • 24 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Neuroprotective Effects of Calorie Restriction and Intermittent Fasting
Calorie restriction (CR) is a commonly used food restriction (FR) strategy that restricts everyday energy intake without incurring malnutrition. Intermittent fasting (IF) refers to cycles of fasting and intermittent feeding window over a given time schedule. Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a temporary or permanent disruption of normal brain function due to damage incurred by external forces, is a major burden on those effected. Various CR and IF regimens have recently been reported to exert neuroprotective effects in TBI through variable mechanisms.
  • 1.2K
  • 21 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Paraneoplastic Leukocytosis in Cervical Cancer
Tumor-associated leukocytosis has been associated with poor prognosis in cervical cancer. Leukemoid reaction (i.e., white blood cell count > 40,000/μL) is defined paraneoplastic (PLR) when it occurs in the presence of a cytokine-secreting tumor (CST) without neoplastic bone marrow infiltration. Cervical cancers displaying PLR represent a peculiar entity characterized by a rapidly progressive behavior typically associated with chemo-radioresistance.
  • 1.2K
  • 30 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
In the face of a changing climate, intensive efforts are needed for limiting the global temperature increase to 1.5 °C. Agricultural production has the potential to play an important role in mitigating climate change. It is necessary to optimize all of the agricultural practices that have high levels of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
  • 1.2K
  • 20 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Proinflammatory Cytokine Therapeutic Agents of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases   
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by chronic inflammatory disorders that are a result of an abnormal immune response mediated by a cytokine storm and immune cell infiltration. Proinflammatory cytokine therapeutic agents, represented by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, have developed rapidly over recent years and are promising options for treating IBD. Antagonizing interleukins, interferons, and Janus kinases have demonstrated their respective advantages in clinical trials and are candidates for anti-TNF therapeutic failure. Furthermore, the blockade of lymphocyte homing contributes to the excessive immune response in colitis and ameliorates inflammation and tissue damage. 
  • 1.2K
  • 26 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Safety Behaviors (Anxiety)
Safety behaviors (also known as safety-seeking behaviors) are coping behaviors used to reduce anxiety and fear when the user feels threatened. An example of a safety behavior in social anxiety is to think of excuses to escape a potentially uncomfortable situation. These safety behaviors, although useful for reducing anxiety in the short term, might become maladaptive over the long term by prolonging anxiety and fear of nonthreatening situations. This problem is commonly experienced in anxiety disorders. Treatments such as exposure and response prevention focus on eliminating safety behaviors due to the detrimental role safety behaviors have in mental disorders. There is a disputed claim that safety behaviors can be beneficial to use during the early stages of treatment.
  • 1.2K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Go Ranks and Ratings
There are various systems of Go ranks and ratings that measure the skill in the traditional board game Go. Traditionally, Go rankings have been measured using a system of dan and kyu ranks. Especially in amateur play, these ranks facilitate the handicapping system, with a difference of one rank roughly corresponding to one free move at the beginning of the game. This system is also commonly used in many East Asian martial arts, where it often corresponds with a belt color. With the ready availability of calculators and computers, rating systems have been introduced. In such systems, a rating is rigorously calculated on the basis of game results.
  • 1.2K
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Melatonin and Neurogenesis
There are several neurological diseases under which processes related to adult brain neurogenesis, such cell proliferation, neural differentiation and neuronal maturation, are affected. Melatonin can exert a relevant benefit for treating neurological disorders, given its well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties as well as its pro-survival effects. In addition, melatonin is able to modulate cell proliferation and neural differentiation processes in neural stem/progenitor cells while improving neuronal maturation of neural precursor cells and newly created postmitotic neurons.
  • 1.2K
  • 16 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Urban Remote Sensing with Spatial Big Data
During the past decades, multiple remote sensing data sources, including nighttime light images, high spatial resolution multispectral satellite images, unmanned drone images, and hyperspectral images, among many others, have provided fresh opportunities to examine the dynamics of urban landscapes. In the meantime, the rapid development of telecommunications and mobile technology, alongside the emergence of online search engines and social media platforms with geotagging technology, has fundamentally changed how human activities and the urban landscape are recorded and depicted. The combination of these two types of data sources results in explosive and mind-blowing discoveries in contemporary urban studies, especially for the purposes of sustainable urban planning and development. Urban scholars are now equipped with abundant data to examine many theoretical arguments that often result from limited and indirect observations and less-than-ideal controlled experiments. For the first time, urban scholars can model, simulate, and predict changes in the urban landscape using real-time data to produce the most realistic results, providing invaluable information for urban planners and governments to aim for a sustainable and healthy urban future. 
  • 1.2K
  • 14 Apr 2023
Topic Review
The Melanocortin System for New Antidepressant Drugs
Major depression is one of the most prevalent mental disorders, causing significant human suffering and socioeconomic loss. Since conventional antidepressants are not sufficiently effective, there is an urgent need to develop new antidepressant medications. Despite marked advances in the neurobiology of depression, the etiology and pathophysiology of this disease remain poorly understood. Classical and newer hypotheses of depression suggest that an imbalance of brain monoamines, dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) and immune system, or impaired hippocampal neurogenesis and neurotrophic factors pathways are cause of depression. It is assumed that conventional antidepressants improve these closely related disturbances.
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Health Effects of Metabolites from Probiotic Bacteria
Probiotics have been extensively studied within the medical, pharmaceutical, and food fields, as it has been revealed that these microorganisms can provide health benefits from their consumption. Bacterial probiotics comprise species derived from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (genus Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Streptococcus), the genus Bifidobacterium, and strains of Bacillus and Escherichia coli, among others. The growth of bacterial probiotics is involved in fermentation, which metabolizes the nutrients of the medium and produces a wide variety of metabolic compounds. Probiotics are defined as microorganisms that, when consumed in adequate doses or concentrations, can benefit the consumer’s health. 
  • 1.2K
  • 11 May 2023
Topic Review
Bio-Producing Bacterial Cellulose for Textiles
The aim of this research was to grow the bio-material, namely bacterial cellulose directly into a filament. This was achieved using a method of co-designing with the characteristics of biological materials. By growing the material directly into filaments, production such as wet spinning are made redundant, thus reducing textile manufacturing steps.
  • 1.2K
  • 07 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Salmonella and Salmonellosis in Public Health Implications
Salmonella is one of the most important zoonotic pathogen agents, causing an estimated 93.8 million cases of gastroenteritis worldwide annually, with 155,000 deaths. Efforts to reduce transmission of Salmonella by food and other routes must be implemented on a global scale. Salmonellosis control strategies are based on two fundamental aspects: (a) the reduction of prevalence levels in animals and (b) protection against infection in humans. 
  • 1.2K
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Development of Pre-Eclampsia
Pre-eclampsia is a serious complication of pregnancy characterized by a state of multiorgan hypertensive disorders, with or without proteinuria and possible multiorgan dysfunction.
  • 1.2K
  • 21 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Moral Psychology of Possibilities
Discussions about the ethics of buying and consuming animal products normally assume that there are two choices equally available to moral agents: to engage or not to engage in such behaviour. This paper suggests that, in some cases, the experience of those who refuse to participate in animal exploitation is not best described as a choice, but as the natural outcome of a reconfiguration of their understanding of what animals, and hence the products made out of them, are. Such reconfiguration involves not seeing animals as something to eat, wear, control, etc. In these cases, veganism is not a choice because it does not depend on opting for one of two possible courses of actions: on a certain way of thinking about other animals, the consumption of animals does not present itself as a possibility at all.
  • 1.2K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
L-Arginine Supplementation during Late Gestation
Arginine is one of the functional amino acids that enhances the growth of fetus and placenta development. Since the fetal growth and the nutrient requirement for fetuses are increased hugely during the late gestation period in high-prolific sows, supplementation of L-arginine could have a positive influence on the reproductive performance of sows and piglet uniformity.
  • 1.2K
  • 13 Aug 2020
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