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Topic Review
Framework for Building Resilient Water and Infrastructure Systems
Planning and developing resilient socio-technical and natural systems to cope with and respond to unprecedented changes has been one of the top goals of government bodies, researchers, and practitioners worldwide. 
  • 651
  • 24 Apr 2022
Topic Review
AI Applications for Virtual Sensing of Underground Utilities
Accurately identifying the location and depth of buried utility assets became a considerable challenge in the construction industry, for which accidental strikes can cause important economic losses and safety concerns. While the collection of as-built utility locations is becoming more accurate, there still exists an important need to be capable of accurately detecting buried utilities in order to eliminate risks associated with digging. With advances in artificial intelligence (AI), an opportunity arose in conducting virtual sensing of buried utilities by combining robotics (e.g., drones), knowledge, and logic.
  • 647
  • 18 May 2023
Topic Review
Food, Emotions and Behaviour Change
Behaviour change techniques are considered effective means for changing behaviour, and with an increase in their use, the interest in their exact working principles has also expanded. This information is required to make informed choices about when to apply which technique. Computational models that describe human behaviour can be helpful for this. In this paper, a few behaviour change techniques have been connected with a computational model of emotion and desire regulation. Simulations have been performed to illustrate the effect of the techniques. The results demonstrate the working mechanisms and feasibility of the techniques used in the model.
  • 644
  • 28 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Road Networks during Mega Sport Events
Hosting a successful Mega Sport Event (MSE) such as the FIFA World Cup (WC) is a formidable expedition, especially under adverse challenges such as climate change and rapid urbanization. Today, more than half of the world’s population lives in cities, and experts expect this number to reach two-thirds of the world’s population by 2050. This accelerated urbanization trend has led to capital concentration in cities, converting them into development hubs. However, in many cases, ill-planned expansions increased loads on infrastructure and caused degradation in service quality. At the same time, political tensions and climate change have increased the rate, intensities, and impacts of disasters in recent years, adding more loads on the infrastructure systems. These challenges have caused a paradigm shift in design mentality and fueled the research in infrastructure resiliency in the past decade. Hosting a successful MSE with tremendous popularity, such as the WC, is an important milestone in any nation’s history and a testimony to its capabilities and development. However, a critical factor in organizing a successful event of such a scale is a robust and efficient transportation network that can accommodate the influx of a huge number of fans and preserve functionality under perplexing and unpredictable threats; in other words, a resilient transportation system is required.
  • 644
  • 19 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Geocell Configuration
Geocells, which are polymeric interconnected cells filled with soil, provide excellent support to loads through all-round confinement and a beam effect; hence, they are extensively used in various geotechnical applications such as embankments, foundations, pavements, slopes, railways, and reinforced earth (RE) walls. 
  • 643
  • 16 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Demolition Waste Management
Demolition waste generation has grown throughout the years with the urbanization process. The environmental impacts of demolition waste generation and related waste treatment have attracted global attention from the government, industry, and academia. With advancements in building information modelling and life cycle assessment methods, it provides possible solutions to managing demolition waste in a more systematic way.
  • 642
  • 06 Dec 2021
Topic Review
3D Printing in Construction
Using 3D printing in the construction industry is gaining attention as a high-potential means of digitalization and automation of the construction process. Digital fabrication in construction would help reduce the environmental and economic impact of the building industry, allowing to realize efficient and sustainable structures for the future. Various types of large-scale 3D printing techniques and construction materials can be used. 
  • 639
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Phytoremediation of Domestic Wastewater
A circular economy (CE) based strategy is essential to progress toward Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). CE is centered on the conversion of waste into meaningful products and resource efficiency with the objective of promoting resource reuse. This study presents the potential of CE approaches in the phytoremediation of wastewater and energy recovery using hydroponic tanks. The integration of phytoremediation with bioenergy, construction and lifespan of hydroponic tanks in phytoremediation of wastewater, selection of aquatic plants, and the expected challenges in the implementation of CE in phytoremediation of wastewater were discussed. It further elucidates a comprehensive circularity assessment methodology that would enable and support a strategic CE framework for phytoremediation techniques in wastewater treatment. Additionally, a complete view of the feedstock conversion process into valuable end products was discussed in this CE strategic study. The findings obtained provided insights into the relative growth rate of the plant-based biomass harvested from the phytoremediation of domestic wastewater. It also provided information on the economic and technical feasibility of wastewater phytoremediation using hydroponic tanks for simultaneous recovery of treated water and plants’ biomass to enable large-scale implementation. Furthermore, optimizing resource recovery and bioenergy generation, developing new approaches and solutions, and improving process stability would help encourage and enhance the adoption of the CE framework in the phytoremediation of domestic wastewater.
  • 638
  • 30 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Competitiveness for Smart Technology Diffusion of Construction Industry
The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) emerged as a major issue at the 2016 World Economic Forum in Davos. Countries are trying to implement various policies from a preemptive point of view to respond to the fourth industrial revolution. Especially, the construction industry is also going through huge technological innovations, affected by 4IR. And technological innovation leads to improvements in various project outcomes and is a key factor that greatly affects the development of the construction industry.
  • 638
  • 28 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Thermal Bridges
Thermal bridges are caused by full or partial penetration of the building envelope by materials with different thermal conductivities, changes in fabric thickness, and/or differences between internal and external areas, such as those found at wall/floor/ceiling junctions).
  • 636
  • 12 May 2022
Topic Review
Vision-Based Structural Vibration Tracking Using a Digital Camera
Computer-vision-based target tracking can be applied to structural vibration monitoring, but current target tracking methods suffer from noise in digital image processing. A new target-tracking method based on the sparse optical flow technique is introduced to improve the accuracy in tracking the target, especially when the target has a large displacement. The proposed method utilizes the ORB technique to maintain a variety of keypoints and combines the multi-level strategy with a sparse optical flow algorithm to search the keypoints with a large motion vector for tracking. Then, an outlier removal method based on Hamming distance and interquartile range (IQR) score is introduced to minimize the error. The proposed target tracking method is verified through a lab experiment---a three-story shear building structure subjected to various harmonic excitations. It is compared with existing sparse optical flow-based target tracking methods and target tracking methods based on three other types of techniques, i.e., feature matching, dense optical flow, and template matching. The results show that the performance of target tracking is greatly improved through the use of a multi-level strategy and the proposed outlier removal method. The proposed sparse optical flow-based target tracking method achieves the best accuracy compared to other existing target tracking methods.
  • 629
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Integrated Seismic and Energy Interventions
Following the 2016 central Italy earthquakes, the high seismic vulnerability of existing buildings is once again at the center of the debate. Indeed, the majority of the Italian building stock (around 60%) was built before adopting the first seismic provisions (1974) and in a territory entirely characterized by medium to high levels of seismic hazard. On the other hand, the first provisions addressing thermal performance criteria were introduced in 1976 but with limited impact. A consistent reduction in energy consumption was further achieved in 1991, when even more buildings were erected. As a consequence, the Italian building stock is characterized by reduced seismic capacity and poor energy efficiency and, to optimize the available resources, combined retrofit interventions approaches are required. In this context, a synergic strategy for the seismic and energy retrofit of a unreinforced masonry (URM) building was proposed. The former Courthouse in Fabriano (Ancona, Marche), a strategic, three-story, unreinforced masonry building in the network of permanent monitoring systems of the Italian Department of Civil Protection, was selected as a case study.
  • 626
  • 29 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Trend towards Helmet Usage
It has been observed that cyclists wearing helmets may follow zigzag patterns while wearing helmets, which may cause accidents. Moreover, it has been observed that cyclists wearing helmets may be more responsible regarding traffic rules. These problems should be considered in creating effective traffic safety campaigns and policy making.
  • 626
  • 05 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Sensors in Civil Engineering
The vital role of civil engineering is to enable the development of modern cities and establish foundations for smart and sustainable urban environments of the future. Quantum sensors with unprecedented measurement sensitivity, accuracy, and robustness unveil novel capabilities for city planners and decision-makers to cope with the multifaceted challenges of future cities. Being one of the first-in-the-field studies advocating for adopting quantum sensors across four primary domains of civil engineering, the basis for the discourse about the scope and timeline for the beginning of the quantum transformation of civil engineering was established.
  • 623
  • 18 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation for Hydrological Applications
Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) refers to a natural biochemical phenomenon wherein micro-organisms stimulate the formation of calcium carbonate precipitation. 
  • 621
  • 30 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Heat Transfer and Bearing Characteristics
Energy piles are commonly frictional piles that are subject to lateral frictional resistance and tip resistance balanced with external forces. To simplify the model, an energy pile is usually assumed to be a rod that deforms thermally. Energy piles are subjected to thermal and mechanical stresses simultaneously.
  • 620
  • 15 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Elastic Beam-like Model of Multi-Storey Framed Buildings
Modern computational techniques have greatly influenced the numerical analyses of structures, not only in terms of calculation speed, but also in terms of procedural approach. In particular, great importance has been given to structural modelling, that is, the process by which a structure and the actions to which it is subjected are reduced to a simplified scheme. The use of a simplified calculation scheme is necessary since the structures are, in general, considerably complex physical systems whose behaviour is influenced by a large number of variables.
  • 616
  • 23 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Morphological Characteristic Evaluation of Road Aggregates
The sustainable performance of asphalt pavement depends on the quality and mix design of road aggregates. Identifying aggregate morphology and size is a prerequisite step for material design and numerical modeling of asphalt mixtures.
  • 615
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence-Based Regional Flood Frequency Analysis Methods
Flood is one of the most destructive natural disasters, causing significant economic damage and loss of lives. Numerous methods have been introduced to estimate design floods, which include linear and non-linear techniques. Since flood generation is a non-linear process, the use of linear techniques has inherent weaknesses. To overcome these, artificial intelligence (AI)-based non-linear regional flood frequency analysis (RFFA) techniques have been introduced. 
  • 610
  • 20 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Cement-Based Piezoelectric Ceramic Composites
Compatibility, a critical issue between sensing material and host structure, significantly influences the detecting performance (e.g., sensitive, signal-to-noise ratio) of the embedded sensor. To address this issue in concrete-based infrastructural health monitoring, cement-based piezoelectric composites (piezoelectric ceramic particles as a function phase and cementitious materials as a matrix) have attracted continuous attention in the past two decades, dramatically exhibiting superior durability, sensitivity, and compatibility.
  • 608
  • 13 May 2021
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