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Topic Review
State-of-the-Art Battery Disassembly towards Automation
As the market share of electric vehicles continues to rise, the number of battery systems that are retired after their service life in the vehicle will also increase. This large growth in battery returns will also have a noticeable impact on processes such as battery disassembly. Due to the significantly increasing return volumes of traction batteries in the near future, a substantial increase in the degree of automation in battery disassembly is required, especially with regard to a stable recycling input flow. 
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
A Unified Treatment of Tribo-Components Degradation
According to the degradation-entropy generation (DEG) theorem, material degradation is irreversible and always accompanied by entropy generation. When applied to the degradation of a tribo-component, the DEG theorem relates the rate of change in wear volume to thermodynamic force via a parameter known as the degradation coefficient B. The efficacy of the B over the well-established Archard coefficient has been experimentally demonstrated for tribo-components that experience wear under running-in and steady-state operating conditions. The steady wear includes uni-directional, bi-directional, uniform, and variable operating conditions.
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Systems Designs of Phase Change Materials
The development of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) applications and products is closely related to the market penetration of the renewable energy technologies. With the initial aim of matching the phase shift between resource availability and demand in solar energy systems, the range of PCM applications expanded rapidly, entering economic sectors where some form of passive thermal regulation was required. 
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Thermal Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Batteries
The interaction between temperature regulation and lithium-ion batteries is pivotal due to the intrinsic heat generation within these energy storage systems. A profound understanding of the thermal behaviors exhibited by lithium-ion batteries, along with the implementation of advanced temperature control strategies for battery packs, remains a critical pursuit. Utilizing tailored models to dissect the thermal dynamics of lithium-ion batteries significantly enhances our comprehension of their thermal management across a wide range of operational scenarios. 
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Enhancing Fatigue Strength of Adhesively Bonded Composite Joints
Adhesive bonding is widely seen as the most optimal method for joining composite materials, bringing significant benefits over mechanical joining, such as lower weight and reduced stress concentrations. Adhesively bonded composite joints find extensive applications where cyclic fatigue loading takes place, but this might ultimately lead to crack damage and safety issues. Consequently, it has become essential to study how these structures behave under fatigue loads and identify the remaining gaps in knowledge to give insight into new possibilities. The fatigue life of adhesively bonded composite joints is influenced by various parameters, including joint configuration and material properties of adherends and adhesive. Numerous studies with varying outcomes have been documented in the literature. However, due to the multitude of influential factors, deriving conclusive insights from these studies for practical design purposes has proven to be challenging. Hence, this research aims to address this challenge by discussing different methods to enhance the fatigue performance of adhesively bonded composite joints. Additionally, it provides a comprehensive overview of the existing literature on adhesively bonded composite joints under cyclic fatigue loading, focusing on three main aspects: adherends modification, adhesive modification, and joints configurations. Since the effect of modifying the adhesive, adherends, and joint configurations on fatigue performance has not been comprehensively studied in the literature. 
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Nanofluids Formulation, Characterization, and Stability
Nanofluids (NFs) synthesized via the suspension of diverse nanoparticles into conventional thermal fluids are known to exhibit better thermal, optical, tribological, and convective properties, photothermal conversion, and heat transfer performance in comparison with traditional thermal fluids. Stability is pivotal to NF preparation, properties, performance, and application. 
  • 1.1K
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Spherical Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
The spherical autonomous underwater vehicle (SAUV) is a particularly interesting architecture alternative for an underwater vehicle that must operate within entanglement-prone, complex environments such as confined spaces and littoral environments.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Thermal Transport in 2D Materials
Two-dimensional materials are characterized by excellent structural, mechanical, and physical properties, making them suitable for basic science and engineering applications because of their superb properties. In nanomaterials, thermal transport has revealed many unique phenomena, which, when understood, will open up new possibilities for the development of new nanotechnologies in thermal management. New technologies have become increasingly dependent on thermal conductivity as an essential parameter. Many benefits can be derived from nanoelectronic devices using 2D materials and they may potentially extend electronics into new fields of application.
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Microfluidic Structures for Biosensors
Microfluidics is an approach based on a platform consisting of miniature micromechanical structures, channels, pumps, junctions, tubes, and sensors to enable a highly controlled manipulation and detection of liquids under test. This methodology plays a vital role in numerous fields of science and has the potential to become a tool of choice for many applications. Microfluidics facilitates operation with small and accurately controlled volumes of liquid. Additionally, this platform can be enhanced with numerous sensors to obtain information about the properties of the liquids under test. Thus, microfluidics with embedded sensors ensures reproducibility, reliability, and accuracy of sample manipulations and measurements. 
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Feb 2022
Topic Review
European Air Pollution Restrictions on Internal Combustion Engines
European Union (EU) legislators have laid out limits for emissions to air, grouping combustion engines by application, and then by power, displacement, engine type (spark ignited (SI) or compression-ignition (CI)), operating conditions and site, as well as the type of fuel used. The basic groups are cars and light trucks, heavy-duty truck and bus engines, and non-road engines. The regulations concerning road vehicles are more stringent than those for engines used in non-road machinery. EU law is considerably more liberal for small engine non-road equipment, which is defined as featuring engines below 56 kW. Some of the main reasons for this include the size and weight of those engines.
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Radial Basis Functions Theory Background
Radial Basis Functions were born as interpolation methods for scattered data. They provide a tool to interpolate everywhere in a generic n-dimensional space, a scalar function defined at discrete points providing the exact values at the original points.
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Magnetorheological Fluids
Magnetorheological fluid (MRF) has been carried out over the last three decades, highlighting several salient advantages, such as a fast phase change, easy control of the yield stress, and so forth.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Flame Synthesis of Carbon and Metal-Oxide Nanoparticles
Carbon and metal-oxide nanoparticles (NP) are synthesized worldwide for various applications in the solar-energy, optical, pharmaceutical, and biomedical industries, among many others. Gas phase methods comprise flame synthesis and flame spray pyrolysis (FSP), which provide high efficiency, low cost, and the possibility of large-scale applications. The variation of combustion operation parameters exerts significant effects on the properties of the NPs. An analysis of the latest research results relevant to NP flame synthesis can provide new insight into the optimization of these methods and the development of these techniques for a large scale. 
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Surface Texturing of Cylinder Liners
The effect of cylinder liners on engine performance is substantial. Typically, the cylinder surfaces were plateau honed. However, recently additional dimples or grooves were created on them.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Dec 2022
Topic Review
AI-Based Surface Roughness Prediction for Additively Manufactured Components
Additive manufacturing has gained significant popularity from a manufacturing perspective due to its potential for improving production efficiency. However, ensuring consistent product quality within predetermined equipment, cost, and time constraints remains a persistent challenge. Surface roughness, a crucial quality parameter, presents difficulties in meeting the required standards, posing significant challenges in industries such as automotive, aerospace, medical devices, energy, optics, and electronics manufacturing, where surface quality directly impacts performance and functionality. Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the methods used by researchers to predict the surface quality of additively fabricated parts. 
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Gripping Part of Products
Computational method to optimize design of gripping part of products requires a grasping motion simulation using a computational model and an optimization method based on the simulation. A grasping motion simulation method based on finite element analysis has been developed for the virtual evaluation of gripping comfort. The validity of the grasping motion simulation was verified by comparing the contact pressure distribution generated on the palm of a hand using a finite element model with the measured result obtained via experiments on a human subject. Furthermore, an optimization method was introduced into the simulation to propose an easy method for obtaining a rough shape of the gripping part of a product that is comfortable to grip. An objective function during the optimization process was defined to minimize the contact pressure concentration level, and this was observed to have a negative correlation with the gripping comfort. The combined method allows an engineer to evaluate the gripping comfort of a product during the design process and aids in developing a shape that can provide better gripping comfort. Additionally, the combined method can also be used to reevaluate the gripping comfort of existing products.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Emission Quantification via Passive Infrared Optical Gas Imaging
Passive infrared optical gas imaging (IOGI) is sensitive to toxic or greenhouse gases of interest, offers non-invasive remote sensing, and provides the capability for spatially resolved measurements. It has been broadly applied to emission detection, localization, and visualization.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Metal Materials Used in Selective Laser Melting Equipment
SLM (Selective Laser Melting) is a unique additive manufacturing technology which plays an irreplaceable role in the modern industrial revolution. 3D printers can directly process metal powder quickly to obtain the necessary parts faster. Shortly, it will be possible to manufacture products at unparalleled speeds. Advanced manufacturing technology is used to produce durable and efficient parts with different metals that have good metal structure performance and excellent metal thermal performance, to lead the way for laser powder printing technology. Traditional creative ways are usually limited by time, and cannot respond to customers’ needs fast enough; for some parts with high precision and complexity, conventional manufacturing methods are inadequate. Contrary to this, SLM technology offers some advantages, such as requiring no molds this decreases production time and helps to reduce costs. In addition, SLM technology has strong comprehensive functions, which can reduce assembly time and improve material utilization. Parts with complex structures, such as cavities and three-dimensional grids, can be made without restricting the shape of products. Products or parts can be printed quickly without the use of expensive production equipment. The product quality is better, and the mechanical load performance is comparable to traditional production technologies (such as forging). Although the development of SLM has gradually accelerated and is becoming commercialized, there are still few available metal materials.
  • 1.0K
  • 11 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Drag Reduction Using Additives
Reduction of fluid resistance using the rheological characteristics of a polymer-surfactant solvent is research that contains many aspects, such as the theory of the drag reduction process, historical journey, and ongoing current research development. Many studies have been conducted, but it is challenging to know all existing and new research threads. The present investigation was conducted using literature studies regarding drag reducing agents. This research will also discuss the characteristics of flowing fluids and their effects on the velocity profile with friction factor of flowing fluids in smooth circular straight pipe geometries based on experimental, theoretical approaches. It concludes with aspects of research conducted around reducing drag using drag reducing agents, ideas about innovations, structuring overlook in testing, and modification of the fluid flow state. 
  • 1.0K
  • 29 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Digital Twin Definitions and Categories
During the course of its rapid expansion into various fields of application, many definitions of the Digital Twin emerged, tailored to its respective applications. Taxonomies can cluster the diversity and define application-specific archetypes. 
  • 1.0K
  • 26 Jan 2024
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