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Topic Review
Loan-Out Corporation
A Loan-Out corporation, also known as a Loan-Out Company, or Personal service corporation, is a form of United States business entity in which the creator is an 'employee' whose services are loaned out by the corporate body. The creator of the corporation are typically the sole shareholder, and thus the corporation is used as a means to reduce their personal liability, protect their assets and exploit taxation advantages. Loan-Out corporations are especially prominent in the entertainment and professional sports industries, as the creator's services are typically performed on individual contract bases, and receive large, irregular sums of income throughout the year. The corporate body is engaged by external third parties to fulfil services, rather than the individual directly. Consequently, it is the creator's Loan-Out Corporation that is referred to and liable in contracts to perform the services required.
  • 430
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Network Relationships
As an important social resource for enterprises, network relationships can provide heterogeneous resources and opportunities for the development of SMEs.
  • 429
  • 15 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Solutions Related to Wind Energy in EU Countries
Energy security in EU (European Union) countries has become a priority, especially after the outbreak of the war in Ukraine. In addition to the EU becoming independent from oil and gas from Russia, another important factor influencing the development of alternative renewable energy sources is the increasingly visible climate change in the world and in Europe. One of the key actions that EU countries should undertake is the transition to a low-emission economy and the associated use of various renewable energy systems and placing these energy sources wherever the production of clean energy does not significantly change the landscape and society.
  • 426
  • 22 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Business Consulting
Artificial intelligence (AI) affects all aspects of a business, significantly contributing to problem-solving and introducing new operational processes within companies. Interest in AI is growing due to its capacities regarding the efficiency of operations, reduced working time, and quality improvements.
  • 424
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Entrepreneurship Institutions for Sustainable Enterprise
The emergence of entrepreneurship institutions, as a mechanism, is not only for sustainability, but access to micro-financing for entrepreneurs has also become pivotal owing to the heightened spate of economic degradation, growing poverty rates, and an upsurge in rural–urban migration, all currently occurring across the globe.
  • 420
  • 31 May 2023
Topic Review
Independent Contractor
An independent contractor is a person, business, or corporation that provides goods or services under a written contract or a verbal agreement. Unlike employees, independent contractors do not work regularly for an employer but work as required, when they may be subject to law of agency. Independent contractors are usually paid on a freelance basis. Contractors often work through a limited company or franchise, which they themselves own, or may work through an umbrella company. In the United States, any company or organization engaged in a trade or business that pays more than $600 to an independent contractor in one year is required to report this to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) as well as to the contractor, using Form 1099-MISC. This form is merely a report of the money paid; independent contractors do not have income taxes withheld like regular employees.
  • 418
  • 17 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Entrepreneurial Financial Support and New Ventures’ Performance
Findings demonstrated that all financial and operational performances of new venture constructs in this research model were completely supported. Furthermore, entrepreneurial financial support had the strongest direct and indirect effects on firm innovation and competitive advantage, while firm innovation and competitive advantage fully mediated relationships between entrepreneurial financial support and firms’ financial and operational performance. In the post-COVID-19 pandemic era, the resource-based view (RBV) theory offers novel insight for governors and other stakeholders to build an efficient financial support system, while providing entrepreneurs with strategies to leverage said system to develop innovation for achieving better competitive advantage, leading to higher firm performance.
  • 412
  • 19 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Integrating Concept of Eco-Innovation
Eco-innovation is an important factor not only for the competitiveness of companies in the face of the greening of markets but also as one of the primary means on the road to sustainable development.
  • 409
  • 20 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Web-Based Eye-Tracking for Neuromarketing
The increasing popularity of neuromarketing has led to the emergence of various measurement methods, such as webcam-based eye-tracking technology. Webcam-based eye-tracking technology is noteworthy not only for its use in laboratories but also for its ability to be applied to participants online in their natural environments through a link. However, the complexity of e-commerce interfaces necessitates high performance in eye-tracking methods.
  • 407
  • 30 Nov 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Market Power in the Context of Globalization
Market power is a multidisciplinary concept, bringing together aspects from law and economics, which are necessary to be understood in order to assess market situations with a global dimension. Globalization is an economic and social phenomenon which comes together with enhanced market power for global actors. Factors influencing or limiting market power, such as corporate social responsibility, are important to understand in order to assess market power situations. According to European Union Law, the concept of market power is reflected in abuse of dominance, which is an anti-competitive behavior prohibited in the Common Market of the EU, as defined in Article—102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU. An interdisciplinary approach based on elements of law and economics is thus necessary when assessing market power of global actors. 
  • 401
  • 18 Oct 2022
Biography
Bad Debt
In the realm of finance, there's a term that strikes fear into the hearts of lenders and borrowers alike: bad debt. It's the bane of financial stability, lurking in the shadows of unpaid bills and defaulted loans. But what exactly is Bad debt, and how can you steer clear of its pitfalls? Bad debt refers to money that is owed and is not likely to be recovered. This can happen for various reaso
  • 397
  • 31 Oct 2024
Topic Review
Consumer’s Attitude towards Display Google Ads
The context of Display Google ads and its components has significant importance to previous studies. However, the full understanding of the variables that influence both Display Google ads avoidance and intention to click has not been thoroughly acknowledged. The data analysis results show that three independent variables positively impact the intention to click; however, credibility has the highest value, then relevance and originality, consequently., while Display Google ads prior experience had no impact on the intention to click. Finally, the research concluded different practical and theoretical implications, and future potential research, and limitations.
  • 395
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Strategic Organizational Sustainability under Sustainable Development Goals
This entry aims to explore the implementation of sustainability strategies in Portuguese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
  • 385
  • 07 Jul 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Sustainable Ground Transportation and the E-Commerce Revolution: Innovations and Challenges at the Intersection
This review paper offers a comprehensive exploration of the symbiotic relationship between sustainable ground transportation and the dynamic realm of e-commerce. It delves into the critical intersection of environmental sustainability, technological innovation, and the evolving landscape of online commerce. This review synthesises cutting-edge technologies and strategies aimed at reducing energy requirements and environmental impacts in ground transportation. It explores advancements in lightweight materials, aerodynamics, and alternative fuels, emphasising their potential to mitigate the environmental footprint of vehicles. Additionally, the transition towards zero-emission vehicles, including battery-operated and fuel-cell vehicles, is analysed, taking into account both short-term and long-term outlooks. Simultaneously, the paper delves into the evolving landscape of e-commerce, which has become an integral part of modern consumer behaviour. It investigates the influence of e-commerce on ground transportation practices, emphasising the importance of efficient logistics, last-mile delivery, and sustainability in meeting the demands of the digital commerce era. By providing a holistic view of the challenges and opportunities at the nexus of sustainable ground transportation and e-commerce, this review paper offers valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders striving to shape a more sustainable and responsive future for ground transportation in the digital age.
  • 383
  • 02 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Market Competition and Firm Action in a Market
Understanding how competitors act in a market is a critical component of strategic decision-making. Understanding market competition is important for firms, consumers of products, and investors.
  • 375
  • 22 May 2023
Topic Review
Platforms’ Technological Characteristics, Individual Satisfaction, and Behavioral Intentions
Virtual interactive platforms have gained popularity in remote and hybrid work settings. However, limited research exists regarding factors that explain employees’ continued use of these platforms, particularly in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). 
  • 375
  • 06 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Key Determinants for Serial Innovators
In today’s rapidly evolving business landscape, where disruptive technologies and changing market dynamics pose both unprecedented challenges and remarkable opportunities, the ability of companies to innovate has become a critical determinant of success. To maintain their competitive edge and stay relevant in an increasingly dynamic marketplace, organizations must embrace a culture of constant innovation.
  • 359
  • 18 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Digital Business on Energy Efficiency in EU Countries
Digital business plays a crucial role in driving energy efficiency and sustainability by enabling innovative solutions such as smart grid technologies, data analytics for energy optimization, and remote monitoring and control systems. Through digitalization, businesses can streamline processes, minimize energy waste, and make informed decisions that lead to more efficient resource utilization and reduced environmental impact. 
  • 348
  • 26 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Leadership towards Sustainability
Leadership and sustainability have been researched and examined concurrently. There is considerable knowledge regarding sustainable, sustainability, and environmental leadership as separate areas of research and as effective leadership styles that facilitate the achievement of sustainability outcomes. While these research streams have developed alongside each other, there is limited knowledge about the similarities and differences between each of these three leadership approaches.
  • 347
  • 04 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Click-Through Rate Prediction and Customer Representation
Click-Through Rate Prediction is a significant subject in e-commerce for both academia and industry. In order to accurately predict the customer's click intent, it is necessary to create a personalized customer representation. Learning such a customer representation is currently state-of-the-art.
  • 343
  • 14 Feb 2024
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