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Topic Review
Cool-Clave
Out-of-autoclave (OOA) manufacturing techniques for composites result in lower fibre volume fractions than for fully compressed laminates. The lower fibre volume fraction produces a higher resin volume fraction, which becomes resin-rich volumes (RRV). Textile reinforcements with clustered fibres and consequent RRV generally have low strength but high in-plane process permeability, whereas the opposite is true for uniformly distributed fibres. The inevitable increase in resin volume fraction of OOA composites often compromises composite performance and leads to relatively higher weight and fuel consumption in transport applications. The retention of autoclave processing is recommended for highest performance when compression press moulding is not appropriate (for example, for complex 3D components). The traditional autoclave processing of composites heats not only the component to be cured but also parasitic air and the vessel insulation. Subject to minor modifications of the pressure vessel, electrically heated tooling could be implemented. This approach would need to balance insulation of the heated tool surface (and any heater blanket on the counter-face) against the quenching effect during the introduction of the pressurised cool air. This process optimisation would significantly reduce energy consumption. Additionally, the laminate on the heated tool could be taken to the end of the dwell period before loading the autoclave, leading to significant reductions in cure cycle times. Components could be cured simultaneously at different temperatures provided that there are sufficient power and control circuits in the autoclave. While autoclave processing has usually involved vacuum-bagged pre-impregnated reinforcements, implementation of the cool-clave technique could also provide a scope for using the pressure vessel to cure vacuum-infused composites.
  • 902
  • 10 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Flexible Job Shop Scheduling
In many flexible job shop scheduling problems, transportation scheduling problems are involved, increasing the difficulty in problem-solving.
  • 897
  • 17 Oct 2023
Biography
Rajesh Jesudoss Hynes Navasingh
Dr. N.Rajesh Jesudoss Hynes graduated in Mechanical Engineering from Government College of Engineering, Tirunelveli in 2000. He obtained his Masters in Production Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. In 2014, he was awarded Ph.D degree for his research thesis on Friction Welding of dissimilar materials by Anna University, Chennai. Currently, he is with Faculty of Mechanical E
  • 896
  • 18 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Sustainable Implementation of Robotic Process Automation
The concept of sustainability has garnered growing international focus across various spheres, including the general public, academia, and the corporate realm. The World Commission on Environmental Development (WCED) defined sustainable development as the advancement that fulfills the present requirements while safeguarding the capacity of forthcoming generations to fulfill their own necessities.
  • 894
  • 28 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Foreign-Object Heaters for Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites
The problem of icing for surfaces of engineering structures requires attention more and more every year. Active industrialization in permafrost zones is currently underway; marine transport in Arctic areas targets new goals; the requirements for aerodynamically critical surfaces of wind generators and aerospace products, serving at low temperatures, are increasing; and fiber-reinforced polymer composites find wide applicability in these structural applications demanding the problem of anti/de-icing to be addressed.
  • 885
  • 14 Apr 2023
Topic Review
SOA-Based Platform Example
There are considerable potential to save engineering effort, time and costs during the life-cycle of professional automation systems if using a SOA-based architecture supporting microservices as part of the platform baseline.  
  • 876
  • 24 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Fundamentals of Laser Shock Peening
With the rapid development of the advanced manufacturing industry, equipment requirements are becoming increasingly stringent. Since metallic materials often present failure problems resulting from wear due to extreme service conditions, researchers have developed various methods to improve their properties. Laser shock peening (LSP) is a highly efficacious mechanical surface modification technique utilized to enhance the microstructure of the near-surface layer of metallic materials, which improves mechanical properties such as wear resistance and solves failure problems.
  • 871
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Tool Condition Monitoring of Cutting Capability by Thermography
A Tool Condition Monitoring (TCM) system is presented that automatically classifies tool wear of turning tools into four classes. A cutting tool was monitored with infrared (IR) camera immediately after the cut and in the following 60 s. The Convolutional Neural Network Inception V3 was used to analyse and classify the thermographic images, which were divided into different groups depending on the time of acquisition. Based on classification result, one gets information about the cutting capability of the tool for further machining.
  • 862
  • 27 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Counterfeit Attack Modes in Microelectronics
As the global supply chain grows more intricate and the prevalence of counterfeit components surges, it becomes paramount to verify the authenticity of electrical chips. The infiltration of counterfeit components, potentially finding their way into electronic equipment, raises concerns as workers contend with mounting client demands. Microelectronics are vital to the healthcare and defense industries, making them vulnerable to counterfeit products.
  • 862
  • 15 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Non-Thermal Technologies for Wine Production
In winemaking, sulfur dioxide (SO2) is often used at different stages in the production process (e.g., after harvesting the fruit, after crushing, added to the must before fermentation, before maturation, before bottling). SO2 has the ability to control oxidative processes including polyphenol oxidase and to inhibit Maillard reactions. If left untreated, oxidation can lead to a decrease in the sensorial and nutritional quality of wine.  The use of non-thermal or cold pasteurization technologies for wine preservation was reviewed. The effect of pulsed electric fields (PEF), high pressure processing (HPP), power ultrasound (US), ultraviolet irradiation (UV), high pressure homogenization (HPH), filtration and low electric current (LEC) on wine quality and microbial inactivation was explored and the technologies were compared
  • 859
  • 29 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Prediction of Premature Multiphase Steel Cracks
The automotive market seeks weight reduction, mostly based on reducing the thickness of the material and increasing its mechanical resistance, which is only possible by a comprehensive knowledge of the mechanical behavior of the materials. This poses challenges to the stamping process, as higher levels of strength are accompanied by lower stretching limits. The first point is the reduction in the formability of the material during stretching; the second point is the influence of high strengths on deep drawing; the third is the trimming process; and the fourth is the flangeability, especially in multiphase materials prone to premature edge cracks. Premature edge cracking is the most challenging issue for stamping specialists, and several research works aim to develop more reliable methodologies for its prediction.
  • 859
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Performance Implications of Organizational and Technological Innovation
The manufacturing environment is characterized by a constant demand for novelty for producing superior outcomes. Bearing in mind the importance of innovation as a constitutive part of the growth paradigm, practitioners and scholars have long recognized the importance of innovation in driving firm performance. Manufacturing firms engage in various innovation activities to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. Although technological innovation is considered one of the key performance drivers, organizational innovation has become increasingly prominent. 
  • 853
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Human–Robot Collaboration based on Mixed Reality
Human–Robot Interaction (HRI) poses new challenges to the manufacturing landscape, such as safety, autonomy, and social acceptance, as the demand for collaborative robots or cobots to interact, collaborate, and assist human operators grows. Concretely, since there is also a great development of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), both in terms of hardware and software, several other digital technologies, such as Extended Reality (XR), have become more popular in the industrial world. Extended Reality (XR) is an umbrella term, including Augmented Reality (AR), Mixed Reality (MR), and Virtual Reality (VR).
  • 853
  • 16 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Resilient Manufacturing Systems
Resilient Manufacturing is defined as the ability of a manufacturing system to efficiently mitigate any external disruptions either derived from the supply chain of the company or resulted from the volatility of the market demand.
  • 853
  • 09 Sep 2022
Topic Review
In-process Temperature Monitoring during Fused Filament Fabrication
Fused filament fabrication (FFF), an additive manufacturing technique, unlocks alternative possibilities for the production of complex geometries. In this process, the layer-by-layer deposition mechanism and several heat sources make it a thermally driven process. As heat transfer plays a particular role and determines the temperature history of the merging filaments, the in-process monitoring of the temperature profile guarantees the optimization purposes and thus the improvement of interlayer adhesion.
  • 852
  • 01 Nov 2021
Topic Review
IoT Based Automatic Diagnosis for Continuous Improvement
Competitiveness determines a company’s survival in the market, and companies that adhere to Lean Manufacturing (LM) practices have assumed competitive positions at a global level. The LM approach focuses on delivering value to the customer and reducing waste. Through Continuous Improvement (CI), one of the foundations of LM, the constant elimination of waste is achieved (activities that do not add value), and the constant search for process efficiency improvement is implemented. CI professionals are responsible for helping organizations identify the inefficiencies’ root causes in the production process, and implementing solutions to eliminate waste. Starting from holistic analyses of the current situation of the production system (derived from Key Process Indicators (KPI) monitoring and/or overall performance mapping, using, e.g., Value Stream Mapping), a detailed diagnosis of the identified critical activity or KPI is usually required for a CI project. This detailed diagnosis involves the presence of the CI team in the Gemba (the place where the action occurs) for a couple of hours, to observe and acquire data about machine activity and operators’ movements and actions, matching it with machine states, as well as collecting distance run by the operators, task times, etc. In this research, this diagnosis will be referred to as Detailed Diagnosis (DD) for the CI project. The DD is crucial in almost all problem-solving projects, as the way to obtain specific data, information, and knowledge for the root cause analysis phase. Traditionally, the DD for CI projects is done through stop-watch analysis and “pen&paper” logic, disregarding the level of digitalization of the production process .
  • 845
  • 25 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Product Service System for Engineered-to-Order Manufacturing Equipment Maintenance
The Product Service System (PSS), the dominant hybrid solution of providing services in addition to or instead of product ownership, promises competitiveness and sustainability through the identification of customer value.
  • 845
  • 16 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Applications of FSW in Non-Heat-Treatable Al Alloys Joining
Friction stir welding (FSW) is an effective solid-state joining process that has the potential to overcome common problems correlated with conventional fusion welding processes. FSW is used for the joining of metallic materials, in particular Al alloys (non-heat-treatable and heat-treatable). The heat produced by the friction between the rotating tool and the workpiece material generates a softened region near the FSW tool. 
  • 844
  • 23 Apr 2023
Topic Review
High-Density Polyethylene
Due to its mechanical, rheological, and chemical properties, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) is commonly used as a material for producing the pipes for transport of various media. Low thermal conductivity (0.4 W/mK) narrows down the usage of HDPE in the heat exchanger systems.
  • 829
  • 11 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Increasing Growth of Renewable Energy
The growth of renewable energy actively takes part in decarbonizing the fossil-fuel-based energy system. It reduces carbon emissions, carbon footprint, and greenhouse gas emissions and increases clean energy. The usage of renewable resources reduces and solves several problems, such as increasing temperature, carbon footprint, greenhouse gas emissions, and energy waste. Every sector contributes to increasing the above-mentioned factors in the environment. One of the main reasons for this biodegradation and climate change is energy resources. Using renewable energy instead of fossil fuel can solve the problem. This text aims to find open research problems about the application of renewable energy and to initiate new innovative ideas regarding renewable energy. A detailed state of the art includes trends for renewable energy resources, their theoretical evolution, and practical implementations. Methodologies used for decision analysis in renewable energy are discussed in detail. The time frame for this analysis of renewable energy is 2010 to >2022. An extensive literature review finds a huge research scope in applying renewable energy in other research, such as logistics, smart production management, and advanced inventory management. Then, major changes in the profit/cost of that system due to renewable energy can be analyzed. This text proposes some innovative new ideas related cost formulas for renewable energy for the corresponding open problems.
  • 828
  • 23 Mar 2023
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