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Topic Review
UAV Detection and Tracking in Urban Environments
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have gained significant popularity across various domains, but their proliferation also raises concerns about security, public safety, and privacy. Consequently, the detection and tracking of UAVs have become crucial. Among the UAV-monitoring technologies, those suitable for urban Internet-of-Things (IoT) environments primarily include radio frequency (RF), acoustic, and visual technologies. 
  • 1.3K
  • 17 Oct 2023
Topic Review
AI Advancements
Artificial intelligence (AI) has seen remarkable advancements, stretching the limits of what is possible and opening up new frontiers. Beginning with the fundamentals of AI, including traditional machine learning and the transition to data-driven approaches, the narrative progresses through core AI techniques such as reinforcement learning, generative adversarial networks, transfer learning, and neuroevolution.
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education
Since its origin in the 1950s, artificial intelligence (AI) has evolved from technological to educational applications. AI is emerging as an essential tool in education. Its integration into education promises the personalization and the globalization of learning. 
  • 1.3K
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Heterosociality
Heterosociality refers to the tendency for individuals to form social bonds and affiliations primarily with others of the opposite gender. This phenomenon is characterized by the preference for cross-gender relationships in social interaction, affiliation, and bonding, often resulting in the formation of mixed-gender social networks and communities. 
  • 1.3K
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Hierarchical Clustering Algorithms
In the field of data mining, clustering has shown to be an important technique. Hierarchical clustering algorithms are a type of clustering algorithm where data items will be divided into sections in a hierarchical form. To create a dendrogram that shows the formulated cluster’s hierarchical structure, in a top-down or bottom-up way clusters are created iteratively. 
  • 1.3K
  • 15 May 2023
Topic Review
Pine wilt disease
Pine wilt disease (PWD) is a major quarantine disease that causes the devastating death of Pinus species due to the pine wood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Bührer) Nickle. Because of its rapid onset and spread in addition to the resulting high mortality, this disease is very difficult to control.
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Caveolin-3
The etiology of chicken muscular dystrophy is the synthesis of aberrant WWP1 protein made by a missense mutation of WWP1 gene. The β-dystroglycan that confers stability to sarcolemma was identified by Cho et al. as a substrate of WWP protein, which induces the next molecular collapse. The dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) is a core protein of costamere that is an essential part of force transduction and protects the muscle fibers from contraction-induced damage. Caveolin-3 (Cav-3) and dystrophin bind competitively to the same site of β-dystroglycan, and excessive Cav-3 on sarcolemma will block the interaction of dystrophin with β-dystroglycan, which is another reason for the disruption of the DGC. It is known that fast-twitch glycolytic fibers are more sensitive and vulnerable to contraction-induced small tears than slow-twitch oxidative fibers under a variety of diseased conditions. Accordingly, the fast glycolytic αW fibers must be easy with rapid damage of sarcolemma corruption seen in chicken muscular dystrophy, but the slow oxidative fibers are able to escape from these damages.
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Aug 2020
Topic Review
ADNFLE
Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE) is an uncommon form of epilepsy that runs in families. This disorder causes seizures that usually occur at night (nocturnally) while an affected person is sleeping. Some people with ADNFLE also have seizures during the day.
  • 1.3K
  • 04 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Improved Health with Probiotic/MFGM
The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), the component that surrounds fat globules in milk, and its constituents have gained significant attention for their gut function, immune-boosting properties, and cognitive-development roles. The MFGM can directly interact with probiotic bacteria, such as bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria (LAB), through interactions with bacterial surface proteins. With these interactions in mind, increasing evidence supports a synergistic effect between MFGM and probiotics to benefit human health at all ages. 
  • 1.3K
  • 19 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Blood–Brain Barrier
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a natural obstacle for drug delivery into the human brain, hindering treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as acute ischemic stroke, brain tumors, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-associated neurocognitive disorders.
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Graphene-Based Nanomaterials for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
The global energy crisis and environmental problems are becoming increasingly serious. It is now urgent to vigorously develop an efficient energy storage system. Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are considered to be one of the most promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems due to their high energy density. Sulfur is abundant on Earth, low-cost, and environmentally friendly, which is consistent with the characteristics of new clean energy. Although LSBs possess numerous advantages, they still suffer from numerous problems such as the dissolution and diffusion of sulfur intermediate products during the discharge process, the expansion of the electrode volume, and so on, which severely limit their further development. Graphene is a two-dimensional crystal material with a single atomic layer thickness and honeycomb bonding structure formed by sp2 hybridization of carbon atoms. Since its discovery in 2004, graphene has attracted worldwide attention due to its excellent physical and chemical properties. 
  • 1.3K
  • 29 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Nuclear Egress of HSV-1
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) replicates its genome and packages it into capsids within the nucleus. HSV-1 has evolved a complex mechanism of nuclear egress whereby nascent capsids bud on the inner nuclear membrane to form perinuclear virions that subsequently fuse with the outer nuclear membrane, releasing capsids into the cytosol. The viral-encoded nuclear egress complex (NEC) plays a crucial role in this vesicle-mediated nucleocytoplasmic transport. Nevertheless, similar system mediates the movement of other cellular macromolecular complexes in normal cells. Therefore, HSV-1 may utilize viral proteins to hijack the cellular machinery in order to facilitate capsid transport. 
  • 1.3K
  • 22 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is considered superior to endoscopic mucosal resection as an endoscopic resection because of its higher en bloc resection rate, but it is more difficult to perform. As ESD techniques have become more common, and the range of treatment by ESD has expanded, the number of possible complications has also increased, and endoscopists need to manage them.
  • 1.3K
  • 18 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Dairy Fats and Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain a major cause of death and morbidity globally and diet plays a crucial role in the disease prevention and pathology. The negative perception of dairy fats stems from the effort to reduce dietary saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake due to their association with increased cholesterol levels upon consumption and the increased risk of CVD development.  Recent research and meta-analyses have demonstrated the benefits of full-fat dairy consumption, based on higher bioavailability of high-value nutrients and anti-inflammatory properties. 
  • 1.3K
  • 02 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Wearable Sensing Systems
Wearable devices are powerful tools for supporting IoT systems because of their sensing, processing, and communication capability. The term wearable devices cover a wide range of products integrated into clothing and accessories worn by the user and constantly connected to other intelligent electronic systems and the Internet network, allowing the detection, storage, and exchange of data in real-time and without human intervention. Particularly, they allow detection of patients’ vital parameters (e.g., heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation- (SpO2), body temperature, blood pressure (BP), etc.)
  • 1.3K
  • 13 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Exosomes for High-Altitude Epigenetic Research
Among different difficult environments, high-altitude living is especially demanding because of diminished partial pressure of oxygen and resulting chronic hypobaric hypoxia. This results in poor blood oxygenation and reduces aerobic oxidative respiration in the mitochondria, leading to increased reactive oxygen species generation and activation of hypoxia-inducible gene expression.
  • 1.3K
  • 19 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Model
Vascular remodeling is a prominent feature of pulmonary hypertension. This process involves increased muscularization of already muscularized vessels as well as neo-muscularization of non-muscularized vessels. The cell-of-origin of the newly formed vascular smooth muscle cells has been a subject of intense debate in recent years. Identifying these cells may have important clinical implications since it opens the door for attempts to therapeutically target the progenitor cells and/or reverse the differentiation of their progeny. 
  • 1.3K
  • 24 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Oleic Acid in Gut-Liver Axis
Oleic acid is not an essential fatty acid since it can be endogenously synthesized in humans. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is the enzyme responsible for oleic acid production and, more generally, for the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The saturated to monounsaturated fatty acid ratio affects the regulation of cell growth and differentiation, and alteration in this ratio has been implicated in a variety of diseases, such as liver dysfunction and intestinal inflammation. 
  • 1.3K
  • 31 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Vaccination Recommendations for Patients with Systemic Sclerosis
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease. Vaccines represent one of the safest and most effective means of disease control. 
  • 1.3K
  • 14 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Rheological Properties of Durum Wheat Semolina
Empiric rheology is considered a useful tool for assessing the technological quality of wheat. Over the decades, several tests have been adapted from common to durum wheat, and new approaches have been proposed to meet the needs of the players of the durum wheat value chain. It is here provided an overview of the strengths and weaknesses of the rheological tests currently used to evaluate the quality of durum wheat semolina.
  • 1.3K
  • 17 Dec 2021
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