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Topic Review
Diet for Gut Microbiota and Dyslipidemia
Diet is understood to be the most important determinant in shaping the microbiota ecosystem as balanced diets of fruits and vegetables are shown to increase gut bacterial richness and diversity. As such, lifestyle changes specifically through dietary interventions represent an effective therapeutic modality for dyslipidemia by creating targeted and beneficial changes in gut microbial composition. Although many dietary choices influence the composition of the gut microbiota, two particular diets have been studied extensively and can lead to significant, yet opposite effects. In this section, the metabolic changes seen in Western Diet (WD)-induced dyslipidemia followed by the role of plant-based diets was first described,  such as the Mediterranean diet (MD) play in optimizing gut microbial composition to restore defective metabolic states.
  • 1.3K
  • 29 Jan 2023
Topic Review
The “3Ds” of Growing Kidney Organoids
A kidney organoid is a three-dimensional (3D) cellular aggregate grown from stem cells in vitro that undergoes self-organization, recapitulating aspects of normal renal development to produce nephron structures that resemble the native kidney organ. These miniature kidney-like structures can also be derived from primary patient cells and thus provide simplified context to observe how mutations in kidney-disease-associated genes affect organogenesis and physiological function.
  • 1.3K
  • 17 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Collagen Hydrolysates
Collagen hydrolysates (CHs) are products with low molecular weight (MW) peptides, and are a result of industrialized processed collagen. Collagen extraction is often a by-product of the meat industry, with the main source for collagen-based products being bovine, although it can also be obtained from porcine and piscine sources. CHs have demonstrated positive results in clinical trials related to joint health, such as decreased joint pain, increased mobility, and structural joint improvements. The bioactivity of CHs is primarily attributed to their bioactive peptide (BAP) content. However, there are significant knowledge gaps regarding the digestion, bioavailability, and bioactivity of CH-derived BAPs, and how different CH products compare in that regard. 
  • 1.3K
  • 14 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Transformer Framework and YOLO Framework for Object Detection
Object detection for remote sensing is a fundamental task in image processing of remote sensing; as one of the core components, small or tiny object detection plays an important role. 
  • 1.3K
  • 25 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Diverse Techniques for the On-Site Treatment of Blackwater
The maintenance of people’s lifestyle against global climate change, exhaustion of groundwater, depletion of minerals, and water scarcity has instigated the recycling and reuse of water from unlikely sources. This situation has motivated researchers to develop effective technologies for treating wastewater, enabling its reuse. Water security has been ensured in myriad, highly populated regions through large-scale centralized treatment facilities. The development and implementation of small-scale, renewable-energy-based, decentralized, on-site treatment methodologies ensure water sustainability in rural areas, where centralized treatment facilities are impractical for application.
  • 1.3K
  • 07 Feb 2023
Topic Review
β-Naphthoflavone, Ethanol Reverse Mitochondrial Dysfunction
The 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) is a parkinsonian-inducing toxin that promotes neurodegeneration of dopaminergic cells by directly targeting complex I of mitochondria. Recently, it was reported that some Cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms, such as CYP 2D6 or 2E1, may be involved in the development of this neurodegenerative disease. In order to study a possible role for CYP induction in neurorepair, we designed an in vitro model where undifferentiated neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were treated with the CYP inducers β-naphthoflavone (βNF) and ethanol (EtOH) before and during exposure to the parkinsonian neurotoxin, MPP+. The toxic effect of MPP+ in cell viability was rescued with both βNF and EtOH treatments. We also report that this was due to a decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, restoration of mitochondrial fusion kinetics, and mitochondrial membrane potential. These treatments also protected complex I activity against the inhibitory effects caused by MPP+, suggesting a possible neuroprotective role for CYP inducers. These results bring new insights into the possible role of CYP isoenzymes in xenobiotic clearance and central nervous system homeostasis.
  • 1.3K
  • 02 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Antiviral Bioactive Compounds of Mushrooms
Mushrooms are used in their natural form as a food supplement and food additive. In addition, several bioactive compounds beneficial for human health have been derived from mushrooms. Among them, polysaccharides, carbohydrate-binding protein, peptides, proteins, enzymes, polyphenols, triterpenes, triterpenoids, and several other compounds exert antiviral activity against DNA and RNA viruses. Their antiviral targets were mostly virus entry, viral genome replication, viral proteins, and cellular proteins and influenced immune modulation, which was evaluated through pre-, simultaneous-, co-, and post-treatment in vitro and in vivo studies. In particular, they treated and relieved the viral diseases caused by herpes simplex virus, influenza virus, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Some mushroom compounds that act against HIV, influenza A virus, and hepatitis C virus showed antiviral effects comparable to those of antiviral drugs. Therefore, bioactive compounds from mushrooms could be candidates for treating viral infections. 
  • 1.3K
  • 24 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Propolis in Protecting the Skeleton
Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are two major mechanisms leading to the imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation rate, and subsequently, bone loss. Thus, functional foods and dietary compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory could protect skeletal health. This review aims to examine the current evidence on the skeletal protective effects of propolis, a resin produced by bees, known to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
  • 1.3K
  • 02 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Complications of Dual Modular Stems
Titanium (Ti) alloys have been proven to be one of the most suitable materials for orthopaedic implants. Dual modular stems have been introduced to primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) to enable better control of the femoral offset, leg length, and hip stability. However, this recent innovation in the femoral stem design has proven itself to be an innovation trap actually. 
  • 1.3K
  • 10 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Benefits of Online Tourism Sources
Online sources of information are a matter of special interest in tourism research. In particular, they are key elements in the formation of destination image. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between online sources of information and destination image and to analyze the mediating role of motivation to co-create in that relationship. A research model was developed, and hypotheses were tested on data collected from 394 usable responses about the World Heritage city of Cuenca (Spain). The results show that online commercial sources have a direct positive impact on the conative, affective and cognitive dimensions of the tourist image, in this order. Additionally, this study supports the view that motivation to co-create mediates the relationship between online information sources and destination image. Finally, motivation to co-create was also found to have a positive and direct impact, in this order, on conative, cognitive and affective image. The main value of our research is that it underlines the essential influence of motivation to co-create in the relationship between online information sources and destination image. This study also provides a critical review of the existing literature by positing a conceptual theoretical framework that links three types of online sources of information (social media sources, online commercial sources and online non-commercial sources) and destination image. 
  • 1.3K
  • 16 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Phygital Marketing Advantage
Phygital consumer experiences provide marketers an opportunity to combine and leverage the benefits of in-person shopping with digital payment in ways that are already transforming the modern retail shopping environment. 
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Metal-Organic-Frameworks: Low Temperature Gas Sensing
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a class of porous coordination polymers (PCPs), are crystalline frameworks with open porosity and are composed of metal nodes and organic linkers. Over the last two decades, numerous compounds have been synthesised by changing the metal ions and organic ligands to produce materials with exceptional properties, including large surface area (surface areas more than 1,000 m2g−1), adjustable pore size, and tunable functional groups. The manifold approaches for MOF synthesis, including the most versatile and widely used solvothermal methods, and recently realised green approaches, such as solvent-free mechanochemical routes, are making the process of preparing high-quality MOF-based materials easier and more environmentally friendly.
  • 1.3K
  • 30 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Geometrical Design of Lattices in Additive Manufacturing
Additive manufacturing (AM, also known as 3D printing) is an advanced manufacturing technique that has enabled progress in the design and fabrication of customised or patient-specific (meta-)biomaterials and biomedical devices (e.g., implants, prosthetics, and orthotics) with complex internal microstructures and tuneable properties. Several design guidelines have been proposed for creating porous lattice structures, particularly for biomedical applications.
  • 1.3K
  • 25 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Fog Computing
Fog computing provides an effective solution to various problems by extending the cloud’s functionality to typically more limited computing units closer to user devices. Fog computing can provide a higher level of user experience due to its geographic and network topology location and distribution. IoT services also need to be managed seamlessly to ensure adequate QoS (due to the mobility of devices or the temporary periods without an internet connection). Such domains are combined under the auspices of Dew computing, as in critical cases, extending an IoT service to the end user’s device is a feasible task. Such scenarios can hardly be investigated at a large scale due to the lack of dedicated simulation environments. 
  • 1.3K
  • 21 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Metric Units
Metric units are units based on the metre, gram or second and decimal (power of ten) multiples or sub-multiples of these. The most widely used examples are the units of the International System of Units (SI). By extension they include units of electromagnetism from the CGS and SI units systems, and other units for which use of SI prefixes has become the norm. Other unit systems using metric units include: International System of Electrical and Magnetic Units, Metre–tonne–second (MTS) system of units, MKS system of units.
  • 1.3K
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Cheating
Cheating is a term used in behavioral ecology and ethology to describe behavior whereby organisms receive a benefit at the cost of other organisms. Cheating is common in many mutualistic and altruistic relationships. A cheater is an individual who does not cooperate (or cooperates less than their fair share) but can potentially gain the benefit from others cooperating. Cheaters are also those who selfishly use common resources to maximize their individual fitness at the expense of a group. Natural selection favors cheating, but there are mechanisms to regulate it.
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Nanomaterials as a Sustainable Choice for Treating Wastewater
The removal of dyes from textile effluents utilizing advanced wastewater treatment methods with high efficiency and low cost has received substantial attention due to the rise in pollutants in water. For the purpose of treating sewage, the special properties of nanoparticles are being carefully researched. The ability of nanomaterials to remove organic matter, fungus, and viruses from wastewater is another benefit. Nanomaterials are employed in advanced oxidation techniques to clean wastewater. Additionally, because of their small dimensions, nanoparticles have a wide effective area of contact. Due to this, nanoparticles’ adsorption and reactivity are powerful. The improvement of nanomaterial technology will be beneficial for the treatment of wastewater. 
  • 1.3K
  • 14 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Biomaterials and Their Potentialities as Additives in Bitumen
A lot of research is ongoing to improve bitumen’s properties due to its use as a binder in road paving processes. Over the years, the most common method to improve bitumen’s properties has been with the use of additives. The major drawback in the use of these additives is the fact that they are substances of strong chemical nature which are either too acidic, too basic or emit toxic fumes and volatile organic compounds into the environment. In the long run, these chemicals are also toxic to the road pavement personnel that carry out the day to day industrial and paving operations. This led researchers to the initiative of synthesizing and applying biomaterials to be used as additives for bitumen. In this light, several studies have investigated the use of substances such as bio-oils, natural waxes, gum, polysaccharides and natural rubber. 
  • 1.3K
  • 13 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Tapetal Cells Specification for Pollen Development
In flowering plants, pollen development is a key process that is essential for sexual reproduction and seed set. The tapetal cells secrete nutrients, proteins, lipids, and enzymes for microsporocytes and microspore development, while initiating programmed cell death to provide critical materials for pollen wall formation in the late stage.
  • 1.3K
  • 16 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Thoroughbred Racing Industry
The Thoroughbred racing industry faces new and competing pressures to operate within a modern, changing society. Three major moderators drive the focus and productivity of the industry worldwide: economic sustainability, horse biology and social licence to operate.
  • 1.3K
  • 16 Feb 2023
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