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Topic Review
Zimbro
Zimbro or common juniper (Juniperus communis) is traditionally used to treat renal suppression, acute and chronic cystitis, bladder catarrh, albuminuria, leucorrhea, and amenorrhea. These uses are mainly attributed to its bioactive composition, which is very rich in phenolics, terpenoids, organic acids, alkaloids, and volatile compounds. In the last few years, several studies have analyzed the huge potential of this evergreen shrub, describing a wide range of activities with relevance in different biomedical discipline areas, namely antimicrobial potential against human pathogens and foodborne microorganisms, notorious antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, antidiabetic, antihypercholesterolemic and antihyperlipidemic effects, and neuroprotective action, as well as antiproliferative ability against cancer cells and the ability to activate inductive hepato-, renal- and gastroprotective mechanisms.
  • 1.4K
  • 24 Mar 2022
Topic Review
LED Lighting Systems for Horticulture
       In recent years, research on light emitting diodes (LEDs) has highlighted their great potential as a lighting system for plant growth, development and metabolism control. The suitability of LED devices for plant cultivation has turned the technology into a main component in controlled or closed plant-growing environments, experiencing an extremely fast development of horticulture LED metrics. In this context, the hereby study aims to provide an insight into the current global horticulture LED industry and the present features and potentialities for LEDs’ applications. An updated review of this industry has been integrated through a database compilation of 301 manufacturers and 1473 LED lighting systems for plant growth. The research identifies Europe (40%) and North America (29%) as the main regions for production. Additionally, the current LED luminaires’ lifespans show 10 and 30% losses of light output after 45,000 and 60,000 working hours on average, respectively, while the vast majority of worldwide LED lighting systems present efficacy values ranging from 2 to 3 μmol J−1 (70%). Thus, an update on the status of the horticultural LED sector, applications and metrics, and the intense innovation are described and discussed.
  • 1.4K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Developing Yoghurt as Functional Food
Edible coatings and films appear to be a very promising strategy for delivering bioactive compounds and probiotics in food systems when direct incorporation/inoculation is not an option. The production of dairy products has undergone radical modifications thanks to nanotechnology. Despite being a relatively new occurrence in the dairy sector, nanotechnology has quickly become a popular means of increasing the bioavailability and favorable health effects of a variety of bioactive components. 
  • 1.4K
  • 28 Jun 2022
Topic Review
AWS Architecture for Smart Livestock
In the ecological future of the planet, intelligent agriculture relies on CPS and IoT to free up human resources and increase production efficiency. Due to the growing number of connected IoT devices, the maximum scalability capacity, and available computing power of the existing architectural frameworks will be reached. This necessitates finding a solution that meets the continuously growing demands in smart farming. Cloud-based IoT solutions are achieving increasingly high popularity. The aim of this study was to design a scalable cloud-based architecture for a smart livestock monitoring system following Agile methodology and featuring environmental monitoring, health, growth, behaviour, reproduction, emotional state, and stress levels of animals. The AWS services used, and their specific tasks related to the proposed architecture are explained in detail. A stress test was performed to prove the data ingesting and processing capability of the proposed architecture. Experimental results proved that the proposed architecture using AWS automated scaling mechanisms and IoT devices are fully capable of processing the growing amount of data, which in turn allow for meeting the required needs of the constantly expanding number of CPS systems. 
  • 1.4K
  • 17 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Multilayer Flexible Food Packaging
Multilayer flexible food packaging is under pressure to redesign for recyclability. Most multilayer films are not sorted and recycled with the currently available infrastructure, which is based on mechanical recycling in most countries. Up to now, multilayer flexible food packaging was highly customizable.
  • 1.3K
  • 19 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Salicylic Acid in Root Growth and Development
In plants, salicylic acid (SA) is a hormone that mediates a plant’s defense against pathogens. SA also takes an active role in a plant’s response to various abiotic stresses, including chilling, drought, salinity, and heavy metals. In addition, in recent years, numerous studies have confirmed the important role of SA in plant morphogenesis.
  • 1.3K
  • 10 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Microbial Fermentation Technology
Fermentation is one of the earliest biotechnological methods of food preservation and processing to be extensively applied in the world: foods (fermented food, food additives, functional materials and live probiotics); intestines (aids digestion and promotes absorption, synthetic bioactive substances, inhibits harmful bacteria, diabetes, cardiopathy and allergy); and industry (energy, soil transformation and sewage treatment). The current trends in fermented-based vegetable foods are growing. Fermentation has been used for ages as a safe technique for food preservation, and it uses minimal resources. Fermentation is related to a wide range of catabolic biochemical procedures in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Yeasts are eukaryotes; they can use oxygen while also having the ability to live without oxygen. The lactate fermentation process consists of glycolysis and some alternative steps.
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Golden Berry Fruit and Insulin
La baya dorada (Physalis peruviana L.) es una fruta de gran importancia comercial en algunos países africanos y latinoamericanos, donde se consume localmente y con frecuencia se exporta a los mercados del norte, principalmente Europa y Estados Unidos. Esta fruta tradicionalmente reporta características nutricionales, antioxidantes y fitoquímicas en múltiples países, variedades y estados de madurez. El fruto de Physalis peruviana L. contiene una amplia variedad de compuestos bioquímicos.Los witanólidos y sus derivados son los metabolitos más emblemáticos de la especie Physalis, y se ha demostrado que ejercen una amplia gama de actividades farmacológicas in vitro, como inmunomoduladores, inhibidores de la angiogénesis, anticolinesterasa, antioxidantes, antibacterianos y en algunos casos, sus extractos han mostrado citotoxicidad. hacia las células cancerosas. Esta familia de compuestos con columna vertebral esteroidal ha llamado la atención de los farmacólogos, ya que estas lactonas esteroides llamadas conhanólidos y sus derivados se concentran principalmente en las partes aéreas de las plantas, como las hojas. También se detectaron en la pulpa de la fruta, pero en concentraciones bajas y probablemente no estén biodisponibles como tales después de la ingestión oral.Pero la baya dorada es rica en carotenoides, sesquiterpenoides, fitoesteroles entre otros que pueden ser responsables del efecto en la salud observado.
  • 1.3K
  • 30 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Alien Insect Species for Food and Feed
While the use of alien insect species for food and feed can help to alleviate protein shortage and provide for a more sustainable feed production, their invasive potential should be considered.
  • 1.3K
  • 05 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Field Robots for Intelligent Farms
Field robots for use in intelligent farms can be of two types: mobile robots, capable of moving throughout the working field, and manipulators, normally attached to mobile robots and capable of performing some types of actions on crops. Mobile robots can be unmanned ground robots or unmanned aerial robots, whereas manipulators can follow diverse techniques that provide different characteristics: (1) rigid manipulators; (2) soft manipulators; (3) parallel robots; (4) dual-arm manipulators; (5) redundant, hyperredundant, or continuum manipulators; etc 
  • 1.3K
  • 20 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Oil Palm and Machine Learning
Machine learning (ML) offers new technologies in the precision agriculture domain with its intelligent algorithms and strong computation. Oil palm is one of the rich crops that is also emerging with modern technologies to meet global sustainability standards. This entry presents a comprehensive review of research dedicated to the application of ML in the oil palm agricultural industry over the last decade (2011–2020).
  • 1.3K
  • 16 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Croaker Fishery Exploited from the Bay of Bengal
Croakers, locally called Jewfish or Poa mash, are among the largest groups of commercially important fishes exploited from Bangladesh’s Bay of Bengal (BoB) water. Croakers are under the Perciformes order and belong to the family Sciaenidae.
  • 1.3K
  • 10 Jan 2022
Topic Review
LCA of Edible Flower Production
The globalization of the floricultural sector creates more competition, challenging the innovation and reorganization of some ornamental and horticultural nurseries, which started to look at flowers as food products. This research aims to quantify the environmental impact of the emerging productive process of edible flowers through the LCA – Life Cycle Analysis method, due to the higher awareness towards sustainability. Two model species and two types of final products were chosen, using a “cradle to gate” approach.
  • 1.3K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Smart village
In this study, the level of progress of climate smart agriculture was examined, its ideas were employed to develop a framework for smart village development. This is essential because most agricultural activites are maximized in the rural communities, more so, its development can influence the increasing rural-urban migration. Also of importance is the tailoring of this framework towards sustainability. 
  • 1.3K
  • 31 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Prunus
Prunus species, as climacteric fruits, have a short ripening period and shelf-life after harvest, with a fast period of softening.
  • 1.3K
  • 19 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Effects of Enclosure Complexity on Zoo Animals
Habitat complexity is important for the maintenance of high levels of welfare for captive animals, especially at zoos. Generally, individuals who experience greater enclosure complexity express higher diversity of behaviours and show better physiological well-being. However, positive outcomes of providing habitat complexity should be species-specific, and not all species would benefit from it. Thus, it is important to provide and constantly evaluate the habitat complexity of zoo animals. 
  • 1.3K
  • 17 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Food-System and Water–Energy–Biodiversity in Nepal
       We reviewed Nepal's food system through the lens of food–water–energy–biodiversity (FWEB) nexus to develop a more robust food system framework. From this approach, food system foresight can benefit from different nature-based solutions such as agro-ecosystem-based adaptation and mitigation and climate-resilient agro-ecological production systems. We proposed a modified framework of food system foresight for developing resilience in a food system, which can be achieved with an integrated and resilient nexus that gives more emphasis to agro-ecological system-based solutions to make the food system more climate resilient. This framework can be useful in addressing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) numbers 1, 2, 3, 6, 13, and 15 and can also be used as a tool for food system planning based on a broader nexus.
  • 1.3K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Microbial Inhibition Test
Antimicrobial detection tests are conventional screening tools used in slaughterhouses to prevent the entry of antimicrobial residues into the food chain. The occasional appearance of antibiotic or bacteriostatic residues is a problem of major worldwide concern, as such residues can lead not only to toxicity for humans, but also to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In particular, antibacterial residues that contaminate meat can cause allergic reactions, can lead to dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal flora and can enhance dissemination of AMR, not only in the environment but also inside the gut, leading to antibacterially resistant communities in our intestinal flora.
  • 1.3K
  • 23 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Sprouts and Microgreens for Healthy Diets
Healthy diets prevent diet-related non-communicable diseases; they provide nutrients and health-promoting substances from nutritious foods in adequate amounts. With society's growing interest in healthy eating, the interest in fresh, ready-to-eat, functional food, such as microscale vegetables (sprouted seeds and microgreens), has been on the rise in recent years globally. This entry briefly describes the crops commonly used for microscale vegetable production, highlights Brassica vegetables because of their health-promoting secondary metabolites and looks at consumer acceptance of sprouts and microgreens. Landraces, wild food plants, and crops' wild relatives often have high phytonutrient density and exciting flavours and tastes, thus providing scope to widen the range of crops and species used for this purpose. Moreover, the nutritional value and content of phytochemicals often vary with plant growth and development stages of the same crop. Sprouted seeds and microgreens are often more nutrient-dense than ungerminated seeds or mature vegetables. This entry also describes the environmental and priming factors that may impact the nutritional value and content of phytochemicals of microscale vegetables. Due to their short growth cycle, nutrient-dense sprouts and microgreens can be produced with minimal input and without pesticides. They can even be home-grown and harvested as needed, hence having low environmental impacts and a broad acceptance among health-conscious consumers.
  • 1.3K
  • 21 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Soybean Tocopherols
Tocopherols are natural antioxidants that increase the stability of fat-containing foods and are well known for their health benefits. The inclination of tocopherol concentrations with various MGs provided further evidence of the significance of MG in soybean breeding for seed tocopherol components. Furthermore, the correlation between the seed tocopherol components and geographical factors revealed that α-, γ-, and total tocopherols had significant positive correlations with latitude, while δ-tocopherol showed an opposite trend. The elite accessions with high and stable tocopherol concentrations determined could be used to develop functional foods, industrial materials, and breeding lines to improve tocopherol composition in soybean seeds.
  • 1.3K
  • 01 Apr 2022
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