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Topic Review
Sexual Coercion
Sexual coercion in animals is the use of violence, threats, harassment, and other tactics to help them forcefully copulate. Such behavior has been compared to sexual assault, including rape, among humans. In nature, males and females usually differ in reproductive fitness optima. Males generally prefer to maximize their number of offspring, and therefore their number of mates; females, on the other hand, tend to care more for their offspring and have fewer mates. Because of this, there are generally more males available to mate at a given time, making females a limited resource. This leads males to evolve aggressive mating behaviors which can help them acquire mates. Sexual coercion has been observed in many species, including mammals, birds, insects, and fish. While sexual coercion does help increase male fitness, it is very often costly to females. However, in spite of these costs, a possible benefit to the females is a chance to test the stamina of the males, so that only those with "good genes" will father their offspring. Sexual coercion has been observed to have consequences, such as intersexual coevolution, speciation, and sexual dimorphism.
  • 1.3K
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Tryall
Tryall was a British East India Company-owned East Indiaman launched in 1621. She was under the command of John Brooke when she was wrecked on the Tryal Rocks off the north-west coast of Western Australia in 1622. Her crew were the first Englishmen to sight or land on Australia . The wreck is Australia's oldest known shipwreck.
  • 1.3K
  • 16 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Organoids in Pediatric Brain Tumor Precision Medicine
Malignant brain neoplasms are a heterogeneous group of tumors, including glioma, ependymoma, embryonal tumors, and many other (rare) entities and subentities, affecting patients from birth to adulthood. Organoids emerged as three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems for modeling healthy and diseased tissues. These organoids potentially model development, diseases, and drug responses [13]. They are self-organizing three-dimensional structures that closely mimic an organ or tissue at a morphological, cellular, and functional level.
  • 1.3K
  • 19 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Enzymatic Biocatalysis for Degradation of Plastic PET
Most Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) degrading enzymes belong to the 3.40.50.1820 superfamily, according to the CATH database, since they share a conserved catalytic domain and assume the typical alpha/beta hydrolase fold. Breaking of PET bonds is typically accomplished by a catalytic triad involving a serine, a histidine and a negatively charged residue, usually an aspartate or a glutamate.
  • 1.3K
  • 29 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Biomedical Application of Carbon Dots
Carbon dots (CDs), which are a new category of carbon nanoparticles that consist of quasi-spherical, discrete fluorescent carbon nanomaterials with a diameter of less than 10 nm, have multiple advantages over semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), including high water solubility, low cost, excellent biocompatibility, chemically inertness, highly tunable photoluminescence and electrochemical luminescence. Because of their unique properties, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have acquired significance in nano-chemistry, which has resulted in the discovery of CDD applications, especially in biomedical applications.            
  • 1.3K
  • 01 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence in Hypertension Management
Arterial hypertension (AH) is a progressive issue that grows in importance with the increased average age of the world population. The potential role of artificial intelligence (AI) in its prevention and treatment is firmly recognized. Indeed, AI application allows personalized medicine and tailored treatment for each patient.
  • 1.3K
  • 17 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Impact of Resveratrol on Pregnancy Complications
Adverse pregnancy outcomes are considered significant health risks for pregnant women and their offspring during pregnancy and throughout their lifespan. Maternal dietary intake of polyphenolic antioxidants is linked to a reduced risk of maternal obesity and cardio-metabolic disorders, positively affecting both the fetus and offspring. The effect/s of the naturally occurring polyphenol antioxidant resveratrol on oxidative stress, inflammation, and other molecular and physiological phenomena associated with pregnancy and pregnancy conditions are discussed, such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and preterm labor.
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Syphilis and COVID-19
The syphilis and COVID-19 pandemics have marked a turning point in the history of mankind. The aim of this review is to analyze what two pandemics caused by different diseases have in common.
  • 1.3K
  • 25 Apr 2023
Topic Review
The Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
The definition of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) encompasses a spectrum of conditions that extends from gestational hypertension to preeclampsia (PE), eclampsia, and to hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet-count syndrome (HELLP). Other anomalies are non-uniformly aggregated in this family of diseases; this is the case for isolated or pregnancy-induced proteinuria (in normotensive pregnancies) and fetal growth restriction (FGR), which have, however, been demonstrated to predict the risk of developing PE during gestation as well as the risk of adverse short- and long-term maternal-fetal outcomes, including the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD)
  • 1.3K
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
Robot Environment Perception for Navigation
Robot external and internal environment sensing by extraction of raw sensor data and their interpretation is the basic principle of robot perception. In the modular or end-to-end robot navigation approach, sensors play a critical role in capturing the environment or internal robot attributes for robot perception. A sensor modality represents a sensor that inputs a particular form of energy and processes the signal using similar methods. Modalities include raw input types for sensors like sound, pressure, light (infrared, visible), or magnetic fields. Robot perception sensor modalities commonly include cameras (infrared, RGB or depth), LiDAR, radar, sonar, GNSS, IMU, and odometry sensors.
  • 1.3K
  • 18 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Nutritional Value of Tenebrio molitor
Tenebrio molitor larvae, commonly known as mealworms, as they are a rich source of nutrients and can be reared with relatively low resource input.
  • 1.3K
  • 29 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Nitrooxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation Caused by Air Pollutants
Millions of people around the world are exposed to air pollutants, such as particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and ozone (O3). Such exposure usually does not exclude these two types of pollutants and their harmful effects could be additive or synergistic. O3 is a highly oxidizing gas that reacts with the cellular environment just as PM2.5, triggering nitrooxidative damage.
  • 1.3K
  • 13 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Full-scale Odour Abatement Technologies in WWTPs
The release of air pollutants from the operation of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is often a cause of odor annoyance for the people living in the surrounding area. Odors have been indeed recently classified as atmospheric pollutants and are the main cause of complaints to local authorities. In this context, the implementation of effective treatment solutions is of key importance for urban water cycle management. An overview of these technologies is given by discussing their strengths and weaknesses. A sensitivity analysis is presented, by considering land requirements, operational parameters and efficiencies, based on data of full-scale applications. Biofilters and biotrickling filters represent the two most applied technologies for odor abatement at full-scale plants, due to lower costs and high removal efficiencies. Innovative and sustainable technologies are also presented and discussed, evaluating their potential for full-scale applicability.
  • 1.3K
  • 20 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Sex Determination and Differentiation in Southern Swordtail Fishes
Southern swordtail fishes, which belong to the viviparous teleosts called Xiphophorus, are unique models for studies of evolution of sex chromosomes. Monofactorial sex-determining systems, with either the male or the female being the heterogametic sex, as well as sex determination involving more than two sex chromosomes, are found in swordtails and related species. Some swordtail species seem to have originated by crossing between two closely related species. Although the sword has disappeared in many Xiphophorus species during evolution, females of non-sworded species still prefer sworded males, demonstrating a discrepancy between natural and sexual selection. Natural sex change has not been documented sufficiently convincingly in swordtails, but, at least in some subspecies, two or more male phenotypes exist.
  • 1.3K
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Adults with Metabolic Syndrome
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL (high density lipoprotein)-cholesterol, and hypertension, is known to be a strong risk factor for type 2 diabetes and is considered one of the most important preventable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, whose prevalence is increasing.
  • 1.3K
  • 14 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Selenium
Selenium is a microelement which intake is essential for correct function of the metabolism. In a dog’s body, it is important, for example, for its antioxidant function, its role in thyroid metabolism, synthesis of DNA, or reproduction. It seems that it also plays an important role in prevention and treatment of cancer.
  • 1.3K
  • 18 Mar 2021
Topic Review
RadioIodine Treatment
Thyroid radioiodide or radioiodine therapy (RAI) is one of the oldest known and used targeted therapies. In thyroid cancer, it has been used for more than eight decades and is still being used to improve thyroid tumor treatment to eliminate remnants after thyroid surgery, and tumor metastases. Knowledge at the molecular level of the genes/proteins involved in the process has led to improvements in therapy, both from the point of view of when, how much, and how to use the therapy according to tumor type. The effectiveness of this therapy has spread into other types of targeted therapies, and this has made sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) one of the favorite theragnostic tools. 
  • 1.3K
  • 29 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Antifungal Essential Oils of Lamiaceae
The incidence of fungal infections has been steadily increasing in recent years. Systemic mycoses are characterized by the highest mortality. At the same time, the frequency of infections caused by drug-resistant strains and new pathogens e.g., Candida auris increases. An alternative to medicines may be essential oils, which can have a broad antimicrobial spectrum. Rich in the essential oils are plants from the Lamiaceae family. 
  • 1.3K
  • 10 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Fungal Co-Infections in COVID-19 Patients
Fungal co-infections are reported in severely ill COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU, with a higher rate of incidence for aspergillosis followed by candidemia, as observed from our literature analysis. Fungal co-infections may increase disease severity and lead to more severe outcomes. 
  • 1.3K
  • 16 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Human Neuroblastoma Cell
Neuroblastoma is one of the most common childhood solid tumors and develops from neural stem cells that normally comprise the embryonic structure termed the neural crest. Human neuroblastoma cell lines have special properties as they exhibit cell growth and are induced to become mature neurons by drugs such as retinoid.
  • 1.3K
  • 21 Oct 2021
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