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Topic Review
Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Teachers
The Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework consists of three components: Content Knowledge (CK), Pedagogical Knowledge (PK), and Technological Knowledge (TK). Additionally, it encompasses four composite factors that arise from the intersection of these three components. These composite factors include Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK), Technological Content Knowledge (TCK), Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK), and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK).
  • 1.4K
  • 09 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Oxygenated Biofuel
The need for lowering the environmental impacts has incentivized the investigation of biomass and biofuels as possible alternative sources for energy supply. Among the others, oxygenated bio-derived molecules such as alcohols, esters, acids, aldehydes, and furans are attractive substances as chemical feedstock and for sustainable energy production. Indeed, the presence of oxygen atoms limits the production of aromatic compounds, improves combustion efficiency (thus heat production) and alleviates the formation of carbon soot. On the other hand, the variability of their composition has represented one of the major challenges for the complete characterization of combustion behaviour. This work gives an overview of the current understanding of the detailed chemical mechanisms, as well as experimental investigations characterizing the combustion process of these species, with an emphasis on the laminar burning velocity and the ignition delay time.
  • 1.4K
  • 30 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Big–Little Adaptive Neural Networks on Low-Power Near-Subthreshold Processors
The energy savings that near-subthreshold processors can obtain in edge AI applications and proposes strategies to improve them while maintaining the accuracy of the application are investigated. The selected processors deploy adaptive voltage scaling techniques in which the frequency and voltage levels of the processor core are determined at the run-time. In these systems, embedded RAM and flash memory size is typically limited to less than 1 megabyte to save power. This limited memory imposes restrictions on the complexity of the neural networks model that can be mapped to these devices and the required trade-offs between accuracy and battery life. To address these issues, researchers propose and evaluate alternative ‘big–little’ neural network strategies to improve battery life while maintaining prediction accuracy. 
  • 1.4K
  • 26 May 2022
Topic Review
Halloysite Nanofluids
Nanofluids obtained from halloysite and de-ionized water (DI) were prepared by using surfactants and changing pH for heat-transfer applications. The halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) nanofluids were studied for several volume fractions (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 vol%) and temperatures (20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 °C). 
  • 1.4K
  • 20 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Activity-Dependent Neuroprotective Protein
The activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP), a double-edged sword, sex-dependently regulates multiple genes and was previously associated with the control of early muscle development and aging.
  • 1.4K
  • 12 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Immunotherapy Challenges in Multiple Myeloma
The power of immunotherapy in the battle of Multiple Myeloma (MM) started with allogeneic stem cell transplantation, and was rediscovered with immunomodulatory drugs and extended with the outstanding results achieved with targeted antibodies. Today, next to powerful antibodies Elotuzumab and Daratumumab, several T-cell-based immunotherapeutic approaches, such as bispecific antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor-transduced T-cells (CAR T-cells) are making their successful entry in the immunotherapy arena with highly promising results in clinical trials. Nonetheless, similar to what is observed in chemotherapy, MM appears capable to escape from immunotherapy, especially through tight interactions with the cells of the bone marrow microenvironment (BM-ME). This review will outline our current understanding on how BM-ME protects MM-cells from immunotherapy through immunosuppression and through induction of intrinsic resistance against cytotoxic effector mechanisms of T- and NK-cells.
  • 1.4K
  • 18 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Gold Nanoparticles for Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria
The field of medical nanotechnology has emerged as an innovative and a powerful tool for treating some of the most complicated health conditions. Different inorganic nanomaterials including gold, silver, and others have showed potential antibacterial efficacies. Interestingly, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have gained specific attention, due to their biocompatibility, ease of surface functionalization, and their optical properties.
  • 1.4K
  • 22 Feb 2021
Topic Review
CRISPR-Cas9 Innovations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been for a long time a common model for fundamental biological studies and a popular biotechnological engineering platform to produce chemicals, fuels, and pharmaceuticals due to its peculiar characteristics. Both lines of research require an effective editing of the native genetic elements or the inclusion of heterologous pathways into the yeast genome. Although S. cerevisiae is a well-known host with several molecular biology tools available, a more precise tool is still needed. The clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats–associated Cas9 (CRISPR-Cas9) system is a current, widespread genome editing tool. The implementation of a reprogrammable, precise, and specific method, such as CRISPR-Cas9, to edit the S. cerevisiae genome has revolutionized laboratory practices.
  • 1.4K
  • 17 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Beta-Blockers
Beta-blockers are a class of drugs with important benefits in cardiovascular pathology. The neuropsychiatric and cognitive effects of beta-blockers were proven many years ago.
  • 1.4K
  • 03 Mar 2021
Topic Review
JDP2 in Cardiac Disease
Heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are two major life-threatening diseases worldwide. Causes and mechanisms are incompletely understood, yet current therapies are unable to stop disease progression. In our study, we focus on the contribution of the transcriptional modulator, Jun dimerization protein 2 (JDP2), and on HF and AF development. In recent years, JDP2 has been identified as a potential prognostic marker for HF development after myocardial infarction. This close correlation to the disease development suggests that JDP2 may be involved in initiation and progression of HF as well as in cardiac dysfunction.
  • 1.4K
  • 28 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Crop Diversification and Weed Control
Weeds can be defined as any plant that is objectionable or interferes with the activities or welfare of humans. In a crop production system, weeds compete for the same resources as the crops, such as water, nutrients, sunlight, and space, limiting crop productivity. Aggressive weed competition reduces crop yield significantly and adds further cost to crop production owing to their management. Yield loss due to weeds depends on several factors such as density, time of emergence, type of weed, and crop type. 
  • 1.4K
  • 02 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Industrial Animal Farming and COVID-19
The threat of zoonoses (i.e., human infectious diseases transmitted from animals) because of industrial animal farming may be receiving less attention in society due to the putative wildlife origin of COVID-19. To identify societal responses to COVID-19 that do address or affect the risk of future zoonoses associated with industrial animal farming, the literature was screened for measures, actions, proposals and attitudes following the guidelines of a scoping review. Forty-one articles with relevant information published between 1 January 2020 and 30 April 2021 were identified directly or indirectly via bibliographies from 138 records retrieved via Google Scholar. Analysis of relevant content revealed ten fields of policy action amongst which biosecurity and change in dietary habits were the dominant topics. Further search for more relevant records within each field of policy action retrieved another 8 articles. Identified responses were furthermore classified and evaluated according to groups of societal actors, implying different modes of regulation and governance. Based on the results, a suggested policy strategy is presented for moving away from food production in factory farms and supporting sustainable farming, involving the introduction of a tax on the demand side and subsidies for the development and production of alternative meat.
  • 1.4K
  • 31 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Autoimmune Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis can be classified into primary simple atherosclerosis, which occurs with age, and secondary autoimmune atherosclerosis, which was also coined as accelerated atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases in autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
  • 1.4K
  • 15 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Glucose Monitoring
Glucose monitoring is essential to control diabetes and avoid long-term complications. Diabetics suffer on a daily basis with the traditional glucose monitors currently in use, which are invasive, painful, and cost-intensive. Therefore, the demand for non-invasive, painless, economical, and reliable approaches to monitor glucose levels is increasing.
  • 1.4K
  • 30 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Properties of Hybrid Perovskite and Polymer Materials
The aim of this work is to investigate the preparation, the optical properties and the stability over time of a colloidal oraganic-inorganic hybrid perovskite (CH3NH3PbBr3)/random copolymer P(MMA-co-DMAEMA) system. Different ratios of perovskite to copolymer were used to study its effect on stability and properties. The optical properties were investigated by UV-Vis and Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Dynamic light scattering was used to determine the size, and the polydispersity of the colloidal hybrid particles; while morphology was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Photoluminescence decay studies revealed the interaction of the random copolymer with the perovskite. Finally, thin-films were prepared to investigate the optical properties of thin hybrid films was observed under certain conditions.
  • 1.4K
  • 30 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnosis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that preferably affects small joints. As the well-timed diagnosis of the disease is essential for the treatment of the patient, several works have been conducted in the field of deep learning to develop fast and accurate automatic methods for RA diagnosis.
  • 1.4K
  • 29 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Diversity Management on Employees’ Engagement
The frequent world changes raised by globalization, new technology development, and the increase in migration movements have generated an immensely diversified workforce. To face these challenges, managers started to seek the best strategies to effectively run this mixed environment and implement the leading diversity management policies for human resource management sustainability, which is also considered as very constructive in boosting employees’ performance, motivation, satisfaction, as well as their work engagement. 
  • 1.4K
  • 12 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Somatostatin Signalling in Neuroendocrine Tumours
Somatostatin (SST) is a small peptide that exerts inhibitory effects on a wide range of neuroendocrine cells. Due to the fact that somatostatin regulates cell growth and hormone secretion, somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) have become valuable targets for the treatment of different types of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs).
  • 1.4K
  • 18 Feb 2022
Topic Review
EPH/Ephrin Signaling Pathways in Bone Sarcomas
Erythropoietin-producing human hepatocellular receptors (EPHs) is a large family of membrane-bound tyrosine kinases receptors (RTKs) which bind the Eph family receptor interacting proteins (ephrins) located on the surfaces of neighboring cells. Bone and soft tissue sarcomas represent a family of rare connective tissue malignancies with mesenchymal origin and very aggressive behavior.
  • 1.4K
  • 13 May 2022
Topic Review
Silicon Integrated Photonics Technologies for Sensing Applications
Silicon (Si) photonics has emerged as one of the most viable technical platforms for manufacturing a range of functional optical components because of the fast advances in technology over the last decade. Si photonics exploration and deployment have accelerated in previous years, as both photonic component performance and photonic integration complexity have been greatly enhanced and increased. It assists a variety of applications, involving datacom and telecom, as well as sensors, such as light detection and ranging (LIDAR), gyroscopes, biosensors, and spectrometers.
  • 1.4K
  • 20 May 2022
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