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Topic Review
Fish Waste as Resource
Following the growth of the global population and the subsequent rapid increase in urbanization and industrialization, the fisheries and aquaculture production has seen a massive increase driven mainly by the development of fishing technologies. Accordingly, a remarkable increase in the amount of fish waste has been produced around the world; it has been estimated that about two-thirds of the total amount of fish is discarded as waste, creating huge economic and environmental concerns.
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Technology Strategy
Technology strategy (information technology strategy or IT strategy) is the overall plan which consists of objectives, principles and tactics relating to use of technologies within a particular organization. Such strategies primarily focus on the technologies themselves and in some cases the people who directly manage those technologies. The strategy can be implied from the organization's behaviors towards technology decisions, and may be written down in a document. The strategy includes the formal vision that guide the acquisition, allocation, and management of IT resources so it can help fulfill the organizational objectives. Other generations of technology-related strategies primarily focus on: the efficiency of the company's spending on technology; how people, for example the organization's customers and employees, exploit technologies in ways that create value for the organization; on the full integration of technology-related decisions with the company's strategies and operating plans, such that no separate technology strategy exists other than the de facto strategic principle that the organization does not need or have a discrete 'technology strategy'. A technology strategy has traditionally been expressed in a document that explains how technology should be utilized as part of an organization's overall corporate strategy and each business strategy. In the case of IT, the strategy is usually formulated by a group of representatives from both the business and from IT. Often the Information Technology Strategy is led by an organization's Chief Technology Officer (CTO) or equivalent. Accountability varies for an organization's strategies for other classes of technology. Although many companies write an overall business plan each year, a technology strategy may cover developments somewhere between 3 and 5 years into the future. The United States identified the need to implement a technology strategy in order to restore the country's competitive edge. In 1983 Project Socrates, a US Defense Intelligence Agency program, was established to develop a national technology strategy policy.
  • 1.3K
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Institutional Theory and International Construction Market
International construction market is heavily affected by institutional factors. A variety of clues show that institutional factors have a complex impact on contractors’ IMS. This entry extensively collects institutional factors predicted to impact contractors’ IMS by literature review, selects 10 specific institutional factors from different perspectives, theoretically deduces their effects on contractor’s IMS, and takes international Chinese contractors’ IMS practice as the empirical research material and collects data for logistic regression analysis to test the assumptions.
  • 1.3K
  • 17 May 2022
Topic Review
2008–2009 Kenya Drought
Template:Infobox famine Between 2008 and early 2010, Kenya, one of the countries of Eastern Africa, was affected by a severe drought, which put ten million people at risk of hunger and caused a large number of deaths to livestock in Kenyan Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASALs), constituting around 88% of the country. The areas which experienced the worst effects were Northern Kenya, Somalia and Southern Ethiopia, most severely in Kajiado and Laikipia. These predominantly pastoral regions reported deaths of up to half of the livestock. Droughts in Kenya have become more frequent causing crop failures and devastation as three-quarters of the population are sustained by agriculture.
  • 1.3K
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Modelling, Measuring, Visualising Community Resilience
       The concept of community resilience receives much attention in studies and applications due to its ability to provide preparedness against hazards, to protect our life against risks, and to recover to stable living conditions. Nevertheless, community resilience is complex, contextual, multifaceted, and therefore hard to define, recognise, and operationalise. An essential advantage of having a complete process for community resilience is the capacity to be aware of and respond appropriately in times of adversity. A three-step process constituting of modelling, measurement, and visualisation is crucial to determine components, to assess value, and to represent information of community resilience, respectively. The goal of this review is to offer a general overview of multiple perspectives for modelling, measuring, and visualising community resilience derived from related and emerging studies, projects, and tools. By engaging throughout the entire process, which involves three sequential steps as we mentioned above, communities can discover important components of resilience, optimise available local and natural resources, and mitigate the impact of impairments effectively and efficiently.
  • 1.3K
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Lean Management and Lean Accounting
The concept of "lean," as a production management concept, was popularized under the term "lean manufacturing", in works aimed at introducing the ideas of Japanese vehicle manufacturers, particularly the Toyota Production System (TPS). The concept of lean orientation extended beyond the realm of production and started being implemented in various other spheres of operation (such as trade and administration), resulting in the emergence of lean management principles.
  • 1.2K
  • 25 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Global Wine Tourism during COVID-19
To compensate for loss of business during the COVID-19 crisis, wineries in the tourism industry had to apply new strategies. The year 2020 will be remembered as a year of disruption, when the outbreak and spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19), along with the global efforts to contain it, caused ruptures—politically, economically, socially, and technologically. The lucrative tourism sector was severely affected as travel restrictions and lockdowns were enforced around the world, reducing it in terms of visitor numbers to 1990 levels. Wine tourism is an important component of national tourism for many wine-producing countries, comprising leisure, culinary, experiential, historical, and cultural visits, which were heavily impacted by this disruption. From the perspective of winery owners, visitors to their cellar door and tasting facilities have become an increasingly important revenue stream. Therefore, the suffering endured was acute, as wineries engaged in wine tourism had to quickly adapt their business model and strategies to fit the rapidly changing trading environment in order to stay viable. Many were forced to rethink their marketing approach, reimagining their tourism offerings. Some owners, however, saw the disruption as an opportunity to reset the tourism industry, to implement a more innovative and sustainable foundation. For this reason, it is of great importance to investigate the reaction of winery operators on the market changes.
  • 1.2K
  • 05 May 2022
Topic Review
Disaster Risk Governance in Croatia
Risk governance is mostly viewed through the lens of disaster or emergency management departments, agencies, or organizations. Visible in times of crises, risk governance is rarely seen as part of everyday public or private functions such as planning, social welfare, investments, or fiscal responsibilities. So far, Croatian disaster risk governance was mainly oriented towards disaster response (a military approach), which is based on a decades-old regulatory framework, as was elaborated thoroughly in the previous work. Nevertheless, Croatia has just recently (within the last few years) started switching its focus from disaster risk preparedness to disaster risk management with the introduction of the Homeland Security System Act. While mainly oriented towards disaster response, in general, the Croatian disaster risk management system (regulatory framework) recognizes only two areas of disaster risk management: prevention and response. Therefore, the Croatian disaster risk management system can hardly be fully valorized through the objectives of the Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction.
  • 1.2K
  • 07 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Perceived Environmental, Social, Governance and Consumers’ Responses
There are direct positive effects of social and governance dimensions of perceived Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) on brand credibility, brand image, and perceived quality. However, no direct impact of the environmental dimension of perceived ESG on brand-related constructs was identified. Further, the research confirmed that brand credibility, brand image and perceived quality partially mediate the relationship between perceived ESG and attitude.
  • 1.2K
  • 16 May 2022
Topic Review
Agile for Public Administration during the COVID-19 Crisis
During the COVID-19 pandemic (and associated lockdowns), the need to digitalise public administration services and processes grew strongly, and digitalisation has emerged as an important enabler of good governance and an essential factor in the functioning of all segments of society. In particular, the mentioned pandemic was a very specific crisis with drastic restriction measures on the one hand and the availability of information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure on the other. The pandemic has provided significant windows of opportunity for a radical digital transformation of public administration. More digital practices have been introduced around the world at different speeds, seeing the levels of the digitalisation of public services and processes rising exponentially compared to in the past. To increase the flexibility, responsiveness, adaptability, and resilience of public administrations in times of crisis, accelerated digitalisation and “agile” as a management concept (hereinafter: agile) could be adopted for them to function in line with good governance principles in today’s VUCA world.
  • 1.2K
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Brand Image in Loyalty of Heritage Tourism
Heritage tourism has become a burgeoning area of research, as it was found to help promote economic growth and regional development, and enhance social identity and heritage conservation. The term “heritage” is often assigned the role of carrier of historical value of the cultural elements of a society, and as such heritage is seen as a strong attraction for tourists; it may refer to tangible elements including historical buildings, art works and landscapes or intangible elements involving the distinctive ways of life and experience of spaces perceived by the visitors as heritage. The latter perspective leads to diversification of heritage and expands to non-traditional areas as industrial production, historical theme parks, restaurants, and seaside resorts. Loyalty has been widely examined in the context of cultural tourism.
  • 1.2K
  • 20 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Impact of Digital Capabilities on Digital Transformation
Digital transformation is one of the most significant business changes to prompt societal changes, thus altering old patterns of human activity, behavior, communication, and everyday routines. These changes have often been called dramatic because they entailed a transformation in present business structures and strategies for achieving a competitive advantage under new circumstances. Private companies are typically more agile in terms of digital transformation, but public companies are under pressure to follow digitalization trends in the delivery of their services, resulting in broader changes dispersed throughout society. The impact of digitization is readily apparent in the improvement of business processes or their complete transformation, the acceleration of operations, new requirements for employee training, the creation of a completely new job design with new job descriptions that incorporate digital skills, and the replacement of human labor with machines, which are all outcomes of workforce reduction. Success or failure in the era of digitalization depends largely on how human capital is managed, which is also due to the increasing interest for human–machine interaction. In addition to technical concerns and their solutions, the Industry 4.0 revolution demands employees who are creative, inventive, competent, and prepared to face challenges in the digital world.
  • 1.2K
  • 16 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Blockchain Technology in Higher Education Arena
Blockchain technology is an advantage over existing ones in that it maintains blockchain record permanence, and the number of blockchain-based products is limited in higher education.
  • 1.2K
  • 29 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Factors Drive Enterprise Digital Innovation
The concept of digital innovation was first introduced by Youngjin Yoo in 2010, who thought digital innovation is an innovative process of combining digital and physical components to produce new products, services, and business models. Subsequently, it aroused widespread concern in academic circles. In terms of the connotation and measurement of digital innovation, some studies based on the consequential theory, proposed that digital innovation refers to the innovative results produced by applying digital technology in the innovation process, including the use of digital technology to bring new products, improving production processes, changing organizational models, creating and changing business models, etc. Based on process theory, some scholars proposed that digital innovation is the combination of digital technologies such as information, computing, communication, and connection used in the innovation process. There are also studies based on the theory of synthesis, pointing out that digital innovation should combine the application of digital technology and the results, including both the efficiency in innovation process and the generation of innovation results.
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Maturity Models and Sustainable Indicators A new relationship
In this study, we investigate the relationship between the sustainability indicators proposed by the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and the goals defined by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with the COBIT maturity model. As a result, we obtained a set of 50 indicators covering four dimensions of sustainability. In the Environmental dimension 11 indicators were observed, in Economic 06 indicators were listed, in Social 14 indicators were listed, and in the Governance dimension there were 19 indicators converging between COBIT and GRI. These 50 indicators were validated through content analysis of sustainability reports from 9 IT companies worldwide. In this analysis, it was observed that the SDGs are incorporated in the strategic goals of 7 of the 9 companies analyzed.
  • 1.2K
  • 17 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Shelter in Place
Shelter in place (also known as a Shelter In-Place Warning, SAME code SPW) is to seek safety within the building one already occupies, rather than to evacuate the area or seek a community emergency shelter. The American Red Cross says the warning is issued when "chemical, biological, or radiological contaminants may be released accidentally or intentionally into the environment" and residents should "select a small, interior room, with no or few windows, taking refuge there."
  • 1.2K
  • 10 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Robotic Process Automation in Beef Supply Chains
The beef supply chain is large and expanded and has a complex supply chain system which makes it challenging. Technological adoptions such as Robotic Process Automation allow beef supply chains to enhance their operational efficiency and speed up the production line to meet consumer demands. The beef industry has relied heavily on the human workforce in the past; however, RPA adoption allows automating tasks that are repetitive and strenuous in nature to enhance beef quality, safety and security. Successful RPA adoption allows managers, decision-makers and stakeholders to enjoy RPA's full potential and promising benefits which are social, strategic and economical. This enables beef supply chains to produce safer and high-quality beef with less processing time, energy and costs. 
  • 1.2K
  • 21 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Experienced Workplace Incivility and Instigated Workplace Incivility
Multiple forms of workplace incivility exist in organizations, including experienced workplace incivility and instigated workplace incivility. Workplace uncivil behaviors can have financial repercussions for the organization due to customer loss, bad reputation, low levels of creativity from employees, and high employee turnover intention. Employees being victims of experienced workplace incivility (EWI) may feel stress due to an unhealthy work environment and may ultimately respond with instigated workplace incivility (IWI).
  • 1.2K
  • 19 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Logistics Innovations in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
The disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have forced many companies in the logistics sector to innovate, or even transform their business and underlying processes. Closing borders, limited supply and manpower, and continuous changes in regulations challenged many logistics firms to innovate. 
  • 1.2K
  • 17 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Influence of Media Information Sources on Vaccine Uptake
Vaccine hesitancy is a significant public health concern, with numerous studies demonstrating its negative impact on immunization rates. One factor that can influence vaccine hesitancy is media coverage of vaccination. The media is a significant source of immunization information and can significantly shape people’s attitudes and behaviors toward vaccine uptake. Media influences vaccination positively or negatively. Accurate coverage of the benefits and effectiveness of vaccination can encourage uptake, while coverage of safety concerns or misinformation may increase hesitancy.
  • 1.2K
  • 15 Nov 2023
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