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Topic Review
List of Thor and Delta Launches (1970–79)
Between 1970 and 1979, there were 117 Thor missiles launched, of which 108 were successful, giving a 92.3% success rate. NASA used it to launch its own satellites, as well as to launch satellites for foreign governments and companies.
  • 636
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Production and Characterization of Additively Manufactured Chiral Elements
For material characterization and understanding the material behavior of EBM printed parts, tensile and three-point flexural tests are conducted. Log signals produced during the EBM process are investigated to confirm the stability of the process and the health of the produced parts. Furthermore, a compressive cyclic load profile is applied to the EBM printed chiral units having two different thicknesses to track their Poisson's ratios and displacement limits under large displacements without the formation of degradation, permanent deformations and failures. Chiral units are also crushed to investigate the effect of failure and deformation mechanisms on the energy absorption characteristics. Moreover, a surface roughness study is conducted due to the high surface roughness of EBM printed parts and an equation is offered to define load-carrying effective areas to prevent misleading cross-section measurements. In compliance with the equation and tensile test results, a constitutive equation is formed and used after a selection and calibration process to verify the numerical model for optimum topology design and mechanical performance forecasting using a non-linear computational model with failure analysis. As a result, the cyclic compression and crush numerical analyses of EBM printed Ti6Al4V chiral cells are validated with the experimental results. It is shown that the constitutive equation of EBM printed as-built parts is extracted accurately considering the build orientation and surface roughness profile. Besides, the cyclic compressive and crush behavior of chiral units are investigated. The regions of the chiral units prone to prematurely fail under crush loads are determined and deformation modes are investigated to increase the energy absorption abilities.
  • 631
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Digital Thread
The term “digital thread” refers to the set of data created across the life cycle of a given component. It is called a thread for several reasons. First, for the data to be most useful, it must be collected starting at the beginning of a component’s life cycle, from raw materials, processing, transit, manufacturing, installation, operation, maintenance/repair, and the end-of-life. The “thread” must be pulled for it to maintain its value, and a break in the thread can severely compromise the entire thread’s integrity.
  • 619
  • 08 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Development of Rotary-Wing Mars Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Mars, which is adjacent to Earth in the solar system and shares similar physical dimensions and topography. The Mars surface harbors a thin atmosphere, which enables the development of Mars spacecraft. However, the complex atmospheric conditions greatly impact the operation of Martian spacecraft. In the field of rotary-wing Mars UAV research, numerous scholars have conducted extensive investigations into the following aspects: (i) the feasibility of rotary-wing Mars UAVs’ flight; (ii) the vertical-takeoff-and-landing (VTOL) capabilities of rotary-wing Mars UAVs; (iii) the development of prototypes for rotary-wing Mars UAVs. 
  • 610
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Nanofiller Inclusion Methods in Thermoplastic Composites
Although the absence of cross-linked polymer chains and chemical bonds on solidification enables the thermoplastics to be remelted, it creates weak interfacial adhesion between fibre reinforcements and the thermoplastic matrix. The weak fibre-matrix interface bonding reduces the efficiency with which the applied load can be transferred between these composite constituents, causing the composite to fail prematurely. Their need for high-temperature processing, poor compatibility with other polymer matrices, and relatively high viscosity render thermoplastics challenging when used to manufacture composite laminates. Therefore, various methods, including nanoparticles, changing the polarity of the fibre surface by plasma etching, chemical treatment with ozone, or an oxidative attack at the fibre surface, have been applied to improve the fibre/matrix bonding in thermoplastic composites.
  • 610
  • 19 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Peculiarities of Streamline Flowing of Bodies with Droplets
The gas dynamics of heterogeneous flows with dispersed admixtures in the form of solid particles or liquid droplets has been one of the most rapidly developing areas of the mechanics of multiphase (two-phase) media. This is due to the numerous engineering applications of such flows (steam generators, facilities for the thermal pretreatment of coal, heat exchangers with two-phase working fluid, sand and bead blasting facilities, dust collectors of different types) and their wide distribution in nature (tornados, dust storms, volcanic eruptions, snow, rain). One of the most important classes of two-phase flows is the flow of gas with an admixture of solid particles or droplets near the limiting surfaces and when flowing around bodies and obstacles.
  • 601
  • 27 Feb 2023
Topic Review
List of R-7 Launches (2015–2019)
This is a list of launches made by the R-7 Semyorka ICBM, and its derivatives between 2015 and 2019. All launches are orbital satellite launches, unless stated otherwise.
  • 598
  • 10 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Modeling Hydraulically Powered Flight Control Actuation System
Many different types of aircraft designs have flight control systems (FCS) powered by hydraulic systems. With respect to the torques, moments, surface areas, and opposing forces to be acted upon, components introduce faults into the hydraulic system when these components are aging or degrading. The diagnostics of a hydraulically powered flight control actuation system (HPFCAS) rely on the faults produced within the subsystem components as well as the entire system’s mechanism itself.
  • 575
  • 09 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Shape-Informed Dimensional Reduction in Airfoil/Hydrofoil Modeling Approachs
Parametric models have been widely used in pertinent literature for reconstructing, modifying and representing a wide range of airfoil and/or hydrofoil profile geometries. Design spaces corresponding to these models can be exploited for modeling and profile-shape optimization under various performance criteria. Accuracy requirements, along with the need for modeling local features, often lead to high-dimensional design spaces that hinder the process of shape optimization and design through analysis.
  • 570
  • 28 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Biomimetic Aerofoil in Transonic Flow
Biomimetic aerofoils were designed in three dimensions with the help of Solidworks software and analyzed in the computational flow domain using the commercial code ANSYS Fluent. 
  • 561
  • 03 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Energy-Saving 3D Printing Techniques for Extraterrestrial Habitation Structures
Various space agencies have shown great enthusiasm for constructing habitable structures on lunar and Martian surfaces. It was found that the combination of 3D-printed components along with an internal breathable inflatable module is the most promising technique for habitat development on the Moon and Mars. Moreover, the microwave sintering method was identified as the most energy-saving and reliable approach for melting the on-site regolith for use in the 3D printing process. 
  • 545
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Classification Methods for Prognostics
Prognostics and health management is an engineering discipline that aims to support system operation while ensuring maximum safety and performance. Prognostics is a key step of this framework, focusing on developing effective maintenance policies based on predictive methods. Traditionally, prognostics models forecast the degradation process using regression techniques that approximate a mapping function from input to continuous remaining useful life estimates. These models are typically of high complexity and low interpretability.
  • 535
  • 07 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Hybrid Transformer for Automatic Drone Identification
With the growing integration of drones into various civilian applications, the demand for effective automatic drone identification (ADI) technology has become essential to monitor malicious drone flights and mitigate potential threats.
  • 520
  • 01 Feb 2024
Topic Review
List of Proton Launches (1990–99)
This is a list of launches made by the Proton rocket between 1990 and 1999. All launches were conducted from the Baikonur Cosmodrome.
  • 508
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Protection Processes of Electronic Components
As a necessary part of all electronic devices, equipment and systems, electronic components play a vital role in the global economy. Since the corrosion of a single electronic component may directly affect the normal operation of the entire electronic system, the failure of electronic components has now become the most important cause of electrical system failure and has become a major obstacle to China’s transformation into a scientific and technological power. Therefore, it is urgent to study the corrosion failure process of electronic components and the means of effective protection.
  • 504
  • 07 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Suitable-Matching Areas’ Selection Method Based on Multi-Level Saliency
Scene-matching navigation is one of the essential technologies for achieving precise navigation in satellite-denied environments. Selecting suitable-matching areas is crucial for planning trajectory and reducing yaw.
  • 504
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
List of Proton Launches (1980–89)
This is a list of launches made by the Proton rocket between 1980 and 1989. All launches were conducted from the Baikonur Cosmodrome.
  • 488
  • 28 Oct 2022
Topic Review
List of Proton Launches (1970–79)
This is a list of launches made by the Proton rocket between 1970 and 1979. All launches were conducted from the Baikonur Cosmodrome.
  • 466
  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
List of Proton Launches (2000–09)
This is a list of launches made by the Proton rocket between 2000 and 2009. All launches were conducted from the Baikonur Cosmodrome.
  • 451
  • 26 Oct 2022
Topic Review
F-35 NEXUS-D Fusion Core
This document provides the definitive architectural overview for the F-35 NEXUS-D FUSION CORE, a comprehensive and unified upgrade framework designed to ensure the F-35's continued technological advantage and survivability in the contested environments of the 21st century and beyond. In an era of rapidly advancing, near-peer threats, incremental updates are no longer sufficient to guarantee air superiority. The NEXUS-D represents a holistic, foundational modernization that integrates a suite of next-generation technologies from across the United States defense industrial base into a single, unified weapon system. The framework establishes a new, fused architecture that enhances every aspect of the platform—from its structural integrity and propulsion systems to its electronic warfare capabilities, weapons, and AI-driven cognitive core. This paper consolidates proposed modular upgrades from America's leading defense contractors into a single, coherent vision, creating a platform that is not merely a 5th-generation fighter, but a strategic asset with 6th-generation capabilities. It is a "system of systems" that represents a cornerstone of aerial dominance for the coming decades, ensuring a decisive strategic advantage for the United States and its allies.
  • 122
  • 05 Sep 2025
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