Encyclopedia
Under a high magnification of 300,000X, this negative stained transmission electron microscopic (TEM) image revealed some of the ultrastructural morphology exhibited by the cypovirus, or cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV). Note the icosahedral structure of the virions. CPV is an insect virus, affecting silkworms, slowly progressing to what is usually a fatal outcome for the infected insect.
Wikimedia Commons, Erskine Palmer
25 Jan 2024
(A) Virus particles contain the pseudocircularized tripartite single-stranded RNA genome, packaged into virus-sense RNPs (vRNPs) by nucleocapsid protein N and associated with the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) L, within a lipid envelope covered by heterodimers of glycoproteins Gn and Gc; and (B) the three viral genome segments large (L), medium (M) (both being purely negative-sense), and small (S) (ambisense) code for the structural proteins L, the Gn and Gc, and N, respectively. Viral mRNAs contain a 5′-cap (dot) and short heterogenous host-derived sequences. mRNAs transcribed from genomic RNAs are shown as grey arrows. The nonstructural protein NSs mRNA (green arrow) is synthesized from antigenomic RNA (two-colored arrow). Dipteran-borne phleboviruses also encode a nonstructural protein on the M segment (NSm) [1].
Wikimedia Commons, Jennifer Deborah Wuerth, Friedemann Weber
01 Feb 2024
Myxomatosis is a viral disease that primarily affects rabbits. The Myxoma virus, which causes the disease, is a species-specific virus that belongs to the Poxviridae family. It was originally introduced as a biological control agent to manage rabbit populations, particularly in regions where rabbits were considered pests.
iNaturalist, Simon Tonge
02 Feb 2024
Bracovirus, belonging to the family Polydnaviridae, constitutes a viral genus. This particular genus originated as an ancient symbiotic virus within parasitic braconid wasps, diverging from the nudivirus approximately 190 million years ago. Its evolutionary trajectory spans at least 100 million years.
iNaturalist, Jon J. Laysell
08 Mar 2024
A mammoth water snake welcoming the research team in the flooded Bottomland Hardwood Forest at Russel Sage Wildlife Management Area in Northeast Louisiana.
08 Mar 2024
The Cymbidium mosaic virus initiates infection by entering the host plant through a wound, typically caused during plant propagation with contaminated cutting tools. Once inside the orchid, the virus sheds its outer coat and attaches its coat protein to a specific region on the host's RNA stem loop, known as the 5’ SL 1. This facilitates the incorporation of the virus's RNA into the host's RNA, triggering the production of virus particles within the host cell. Subsequently, the virus targets specific reading frames such as TGB1, TGB2, and TGB3, which enhance its ability to spread from cell to cell within the orchid. Infection of TGB1 enables the virus to move through the plasmodesmata efficiently, while infection of TGB2 and TGB3 facilitates movement through the endoplasmic reticulum of orchid cells. By affecting these sites, the virus can readily move through all plant cells. Overall, the single-stranded positive-sense RNA from the virion connects with the host's RNA, initiating translations that proceed from the 5’ end of the virion. As more virions spread throughout the host, another wound caused by cutting tools is sufficient to infect another orchid.
Wikimedia Commons
13 Mar 2024
Example of Grade 3 endometrial carcinoma in endometrial curettage specimens, showing in solid component diffuse nuclear positivity to PAX-8 (A x100), positivity to cytokeratin (B: x200), positivity to EMA (C X200) and ER (D x100; Note the same positivity in glandular component and solid component) [1].
14 Nov 2023
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of a lung pneumocyte. The central cell displays the dramatically enlarged nuclei characteristic of CMV. Histopathology of lung shows cytomegalic pneumocyte containing characteristic intranuclear inclusion.
CDC Public Health Image Library/Edwin P. Ewing, Jr.
31 Jan 2024
Segmented linear dsRNA genome. Contains 11 or 12 segments coding respectively for 11 or 12 proteins (each segment contains a single ORF). Segments size range from 0.7 to 4.1 kb, genome total size is about 23 kb (CpMYRV-1).
Wikimedia Commons, ViralZone, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
01 Feb 2024
An illustration of phi29's head based on electron microscopy data EMDB-2162.
Hamishtodd1, Wikimedia Commons
07 Feb 2024
This transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed the presence of the human parainfluenza type 4A virus (HPIV-4A), which like the mumps virus, is also a Paramyxoviridae family member, and a member of the genus, Rubulavirus.
Public Health Image Library
24 Jan 2024
This negatively-stained transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed the presence of numerous Russian spring-summer encephalitis (RSSE) virions, which are members of the virus family, Flaviviridae. RSSE is transmitted when one is bitten by a Ixodes persulcatus hard tick, and is therefore, referred to as a tick-borne encephalitis (TBE).
Public Health Image Library
17 Jan 2024
This transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed the presence of numerous paramyxovirus virions, which in this instance, were responsible for a case of the mumps. Paramyxoviruses are members of the family, Paramyxoviridae, and those that cause mumps in humans belong to the genus, Rubulavirus. The virus itself can present itself in a number of morphologic shapes, including spherical, and stand-like, or filamentous, ranging from 150nm to 200nm in diameter, and 1000nm to 10000nm in length. At its core lies a non-segmented, negative-sense RNA genome.
Public Health Image Library
22 Jan 2024
Transmission electron microscope image of negative-stained, Fortaleza-strain Zika virus (red), isolated from a microcephaly case in Brazil.
NIAID, Wikimedia Commons
07 Feb 2024
Electron Micrograph of Sulfolobus islandicus rod-shaped viruses SIRV8 stained with 2% uranyl acetate. Scale bar 100 nm.
Wikimedia Commons, Bautista, M.A., Black, J.A., Youngblut, N.D., Whitaker, R.J
23 Feb 2024
Phylogenetic comparison of the viral polymerase protein sequences of viruses of the family Reoviridae, including seadornaviruses and coltiviruses. Analysis shows coltiviruses and seadornaviruses as 2 distinct phylogenetic groups and that seadornaviruses share a common phylogenetic origin with rotaviruses (arrow). KDV, Kadipiro virus; BAV, Banna virus; LNV, Liao Ning virus; RDV, Rice dwarf virus; RDV-Ch, RDV Chinese isolate; SCRV, St. Croix River virus; AHSV, African horse sickness virus; CHUV, Chuzan virus; BTV, Blue tongue virus; GSRV, Golden shiner reovirus; GCRV, Grass carp reovirus; CSRV, Chum salmon reovirus; SBRV, Striped bass reovirus; MRV, Mammalian orthoreovirus; RRSV, Rice ragged stunt virus; BmCPV, Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus; DsCPV, Dendrolimus spectabilis cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus; LdCPV, Lymantria dispar cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus; NLRV, Nilaparvata luguens reovirus; CTFV, Colorado tick fever virus; EYAV, Eyach virus; CPRV, Cryphonectria parasitica reovirus; RaRv, Rotavirus A; BoRV, Bovine rotavirus; SiRV, Simian rotavirus; PoRV, Porcine rotavirus; Hu/MuRV, Human/Murine rotavirus.[1]
Wikimedia Commons, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
01 Feb 2024
Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) particles negative stained with heavy metal to make them visible in the transmission electron microscope (TEM). Magnified 160,000X.
Wikimedia Commons
01 Feb 2024
Space-fill drawing of the outside of one Zika virus particle, and a cross-section through another as it interacts with a cell. The two main proteins of the viral envelope, the envelope proteins and membrane proteins, are shown in red and purple respectively. The lipid membrane of the envelope is shown in light lavender. The capsid proteins, in orange, are shown interacting with the RNA genome, in yellow, at the center of the virus. The cell-surface receptor proteins are in green, the cytoskeleton in blue, and blood plasma proteins in gold.
David Goodsell, Wikimedia Commons
07 Feb 2024
Transmission electron micrographs of iridovirus cultured from the liver of a naturally diseased common frog (Rana temporaria) by using a fathead minnow epithelial cell line. a. Virus-infected cell. Large isocahedral viruses are conspicuous within the cytoplasm (arrows). Bar = 2 µm. b. Paracrystalline array of iridovirus. Bar = 200 µm. [1]
Peter Daszak, Lee Berger, Andrew A. Cunningham, Alex D. Hyatt, D. Earl Green, and Rick Speare, Wikimedia Commons
08 Feb 2024
The Watermelon mosaic virus originated from interspecific recombination between SMV and potyviruses related to Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) or Peanut stripe virus (PSV). There is a limited amount of genetic material resistant to WMV-2 that is currently accessible.
iNaturalist, katiebrandt
01 Mar 2024
