Encyclopedia
Schematic drawing of a virion of the genus Morbillivirus (cross section).
ViralZone, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
07 Feb 2024
In most organizations, gendered stereotypes and biases are ingrained and act as barriers to entry. Women's careers are constantly buffeted by headwinds, as illustrated in this illustration of the career and leadership process for women in organizations. Women continue to encounter invisible barriers and challenges as they strive for leadership roles and higher positions. In addition, these barriers and challenges are often the result of gender stereotyping, which further exacerbates women's disadvantage. [1]
23 Jan 2024
Transmission electron microscopic image which demonstrates the filamentous, branching structure of an Ebola virus particle.
CDC/ Cynthia Goldsmith, Pierre Rollin, Public Health Image Library (PHIL)
24 Jan 2024
Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is a significant threat to global papaya cultivation, causing ringspot disease, and it belongs to the species Papaya ringspot virus, genus Potyvirus, and family Potyviridae [1].
Wikimedia Commons, Plant pests and diseases
02 Feb 2024
A cell monolayer showing two plaques caused by infection with an oncolytic Vaccinia virus. The color is produced by expression of the E. coli LacZ marker gene, resulting in Beta-galactosidase enzyme activity on the X-Gal substrate.
Viraltonic, Wikimedia Commons
07 Feb 2024
A rotavirus is a wheel-shaped virus that gets its name from its complex shape. Its genome consists of 11 double-stranded RNA segments that generate six structural proteins (VP1, VP2, VP3, VP4, VP6 & VP7) and six nonstructural proteins (NSP1-6). Each virus particle is surrounded by a triple layer coat.
NIAID, Wikimedia Commons
08 Feb 2024
Leaves of a cucumber plant in various stages affected by the cucumber mosaic virus.
DieterO, Wikimedia Commons
22 Feb 2024
Discover the charming quokka, a small marsupial native to Rottnest Island, Australia. Known for their friendly demeanor and adorable smiles, these social creatures have captured hearts worldwide. Learn about their unique behaviors, conservation success, and the trend of "quokka selfies," which raises awareness for their protection.
25 Oct 2024
The “dying-forward” and “dying-back” hypotheses propose that pathological changes from the site of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) origin move in the anterograde or retrograde direction, respectively, leading to the death of motor neuron (MN) cells [1].
19 Dec 2023
Schmallenberg orthobunyavirus (SBV), or Schmallenberg virus, is a member of the Orthobunyavirus genus within the Peribunyaviridae family. It gained prominence in 2011 when it was identified as the causative agent of an outbreak in Europe, primarily affecting ruminants such as cattle, sheep, and goats.
Wikimedia Commons
31 Jan 2024
West Nile virus life cycle. After binding and uptake, the virion envelope fuses with cellular membranes, followed by uncoating of the nucleocapsid and release of the RNA genome into the cytoplasm. The viral genome serves as messenger RNA (mRNA) for translation of all viral proteins and as template during RNA replication. Copies are subsequently packaged within new virus particles which are transported in vesicles to the cell membrane. [1]
De Filette M, Ulbert S, Diamond M, Sanders NN, Wikimedia Commons
08 Feb 2024
Structure of a typical bacteriophage belonging to the Myoviridae family.
Wikimedia Commons, Chelsea Bonnain, Mya Breitbart and Kristen N. Buck
16 Apr 2024
Transmission electron micrograph of Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) CoV particles found near the periphery of an infected MRC-5 cell.
NIAID, Wikimedia Commons
08 Feb 2024
Dedifferentiated rhabdoid variant of endometrial dedifferentiated carcinoma (EDC) with rhabdoid cells and glandular component (A: haematoxylin-eosin x 40, arrowheads: rhabdoid component; Arrows: glandular component). At higher magnification note the eccentrically located nuclei, prominent nucleoli and abundant and eosinophilic cytoplasm of the rhabdoid cells (B: haematoxylin-eosin x 200) [1].
14 Nov 2023
The plant produced well for two months, then the new leaves had the mosaic pattern and the plant didn't produce any fruit. Then the photographer hand-pollinated the fruits, and this was the result: a stunted, 8.5 inch fruit with the characteristic distorted shape of ZYMV. From a garden in Los Angeles, California.
Wikimedia Commons, Downtowngal
01 Feb 2024
Scanning electron micrograph of filamentous Ebola virus particles attached and budding from chronically infected VERO E6 cells (15,000x magnification).
Wikimedia Commons, NIAID
01 Feb 2024
This transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed some of the morphologic details displayed by the Colorado tick fever virus (CTFV), a member of the genus Coltivirus, one of nine genera of the virus family known as the Reoviridae. Coltivirus particles are 80 nm in diameter and have a core 50 nm in diameter. Electron microscopic studies have shown particles with a relatively smooth capsomeric surface structure, and icosahedral symmetry.
Public Health Image Library
15 Jan 2024
Droplet infection is an important mode of transmission. Transmission between animals includes crowded housing practices, non-vaccination, young horses of 1–5 years and international trade. Dog gets EIV by consuming infected dead horse meat.[1]
Raj K. Singh, Kuldeep Dhama, Kumaragurubaran Karthik, Rekha Khandia, Ashok Munjal, Sandip K. Khurana, Sandip Chakraborty, Yashpal S. Malik, Nitin Virmani, Rajendra Singh, et al.
24 Jan 2024
Schematic representation of baculovirus structure and infection cycle. (A) Nucleopolyhedrovirus occlusion bodies (OBs) are polyhedral proteinaceous bodies, mainly comprised of crystalline polyhedrin that surrounds occlusion derived virions (ODVs). The ODVs contain either a single nucleocapsid (single type) or between one and several nucleocapsids (multiple type) in each ODV. For granuloviruses the OB is granule-shaped and contains a single ODV with a single nucleocapsid surrounded by the crystalline protein granulin. In all cases each nucleocapsid contains a single viral genome. (B) Sequential steps of nucleopolyhedrovirus transmission and replication. During primary infection, (A) OBs are ingested during feeding on contaminated foliage. (B) OBs are solubilized in the insect midgut and release ODVs that pass through the peritrophic membrane (C) and fuse with the microvilli of midgut epithelial cells (D). Nucleocapsids travel to the nucleus where they release the viral genome to initiate replication. (E) Virus replication occurs in virogenic stroma. Progeny nucleocapsids assemble and bud through the basal membrane (F) during which they acquire an envelope containing GP64 or F fusion protein present in the virus-modified cell membrane. During the secondary phase of infection these budded virions (BVs) disperse in the hemolymph or along the cells of the insect traqueal system (traqueoblasts) to spread the infection to the cells of other tissues in the insect. (G) BVs enter cells by endocytosis and replicate in the nucleus. Newly assembled nucleocapsids (H) may bud out of the cell or may be enveloped to form ODVs that are occluded into OBs (I). At the end of the infectious cycle OBs accumulate in the nucleus (J). Upon death the larvae typically hang from the uppermost leaves of the host plant (K), the larval tegument ruptures and releases OBs that contaminate foliage for further cycles of horizontal transmission.[1]
Trevor Williams, Cristina Virto, Rosa Murillo, and Primitivo Caballero
31 Jan 2024
Rose mosaic virus symptoms on David Austin's 'Ausmas' ("Graham Thomas.") This is a strain of prunus necrotic ringspot virus that seldom shows strong symptoms, but the weather allowed this brilliant outburst.
Malcolm Manners, Wikimedia Commons
31 Jan 2024
