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Topic Review
Wnt Signaling Triggers Macropinocytosis
Membrane trafficking, including endocytosis and exocytosis, is very important in the interaction between cells and their environment. Endocytosis mediates the degradation of receptors, hence downregulating signaling pathways. The Wnt pathway is essential for cellular functions, such as cell fate determination, cell migration, cell polarity, neural patterning and organogenesis during embryonic development, including axis formation. Macropinocytosis is the large nonselective uptake of molecules such as nutrients and other macromolecules in the cellular environment.
  • 539
  • 24 May 2022
Topic Review
Wnt Signaling to Vascular Complications in T2DM
Vascular complications are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These vascular abnormalities result in a chronic hyperglycemic state, which influences many signaling molecular pathways that initially lead to increased oxidative stress, increased inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, leading to both microvascular and macrovascular complications. Endothelial dysfunction represents the initial stage in both types of vascular complications; it represents “mandatory damage” in the development of microvascular complications and only “introductory damage” in the development of macrovascular complications. Increasing scientific evidence has revealed an important role of the Wnt pathway in the pathophysiology of the vascular wall. It is well known that the Wnt pathway is altered in patients with T2DM. 
  • 496
  • 04 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Wnt Signaling Pathways, Inflammation and Carcinogenesis
Wnt signaling is responsible for the regulation of different intracellular signal transduction pathways, which are essential for embryogenic development, cellular migration, polarization and differentiation as well as stem cell biology control and growth. Wnt signaling activation is related to the binding of Wnt ligands to a specific cell surface receptor which belongs to the Frizzled (Fzd) family, thus inducing the canonical (β-catenin-dependent) or non-canonical (β-catenin-independent) pathway.
  • 499
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
WNT Signaling Pathways in Skin Development
The WNT signaling pathway plays a critical role in a variety of biological processes, including development, adult tissue homeostasis maintenance, and stem cell regulation. Variations in skin conditions can influence the expression of the WNT signaling pathway.
  • 363
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Wnt Signaling Pathway in Liver Metastasis
Liver metastasis, originating either from a primary liver or other cancer types, represent a large cancer-related burden. Therefore, studies that add to better understanding of its molecular basis are needed. Herein, the role of the Wnt signaling pathway in liver metastasis is outlined. Its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), motility, migration, metastasis formation, and other steps of the metastatic cascade are presented. Additionally, the roles of the Wnt signaling pathway in the liver metastasis formation of colorectal, breast, gastric, lung, melanoma, pancreatic, and prostate cancer are explored.
  • 454
  • 03 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Wnt Signaling Inhibitors
The inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway has been recognized as a promising target in the continous search for antitumor therapies. The altered functioning of the Wnt signaling in human tumors points to the therapeutic strategy of the inhibition of its activity. Drugging the Wnt signaling pathway continues to be one of the promising approaches for future tumor treatment, both alone and in combination therapy that would impact the clinical outcomes and survival of patients.
  • 396
  • 27 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Wnt Signaling in Pain
The heterogeneity of Wnt signaling starts with the ligand itself. There are 19 members of the Wnt family in humans and rodents, each one with a different expression pattern and function. These ligands bind different kinds of receptors: the classical Frizzled (Fzd) receptors (a family of G protein-coupled receptors that comprises 10 members in vertebrates), which are frequently associated with co-receptors, such as low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5/6 (LRP5/6), the RTKs, receptor-like tyrosine kinase (Ryk), receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (Ror2), protein-tyrosine kinase-7 (PKT7), and muscle-specific kinase (MuSK), or proteoglycans. Usually, many ligands can bind the same receptor and one ligand can bind different receptors, increasing the complexity of Wnt signaling.
  • 700
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Wnt Signaling in Keratinocyte Carcinomas
The skin functions as a barrier between the organism and the surrounding environment. Direct exposure to external stimuli and the accumulation of genetic mutations may lead to abnormal cell growth, irreversible tissue damage and potentially favor skin malignancy. Skin homeostasis is coordinated by an intricate signaling network, and its dysregulation has been implicated in the development of skin cancers. Wnt signaling is one such regulatory pathway orchestrating skin development, homeostasis, and stem cell activation. Aberrant regulation of Wnt signaling cascades not only gives rise to tumor initiation, progression and invasion, but also maintains cancer stem cells which contribute to tumor recurrence.
  • 558
  • 22 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Wnt Signaling in Human Diseases
Wnt signaling has been implicated in a wide spectrum of important biological phenomena, where either a deficiency or overactivation of key effectors can lead to various human diseases. This review highlights historical and recent findings on key mediators of Wnt signaling and its association with various developmental diseases and tumorigenesis.
  • 931
  • 13 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Wnt Signaling and Aging of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Wnt signaling plays an essential role in aging of the gastrointestinal tract. Aberration of Wnt signaling seen in aged animals has been shown to affect regenerative capacity and differentiation of intestinal stem cells and promote aging-related deterioration. Similarly, abnormal Wnt signaling was observed in the aged stomach. Specifically, enhanced Wnt signaling in organoids established from the stomachs of aged mice induced the expression of Tbx3, a transcription factor that suppress cellular senescence, and led to augmented cellular proliferation. The enhanced Wnt signaling was due to suppressed Dkk3, a Wnt inhibitor, in aged gastric organoids. With respect to the role of TBX3 in humans, expression of TBX3 in human gastric tissues exhibited positive correlation with patients' age whereas that of DKK3 showed negative correlation with patients' age. In addition, TBX3 expression was also confirmed in gastric cancer tissues but not in normal gastric mucosae. These findings indicated that this DKK3-Wnt-TBX3 pathway may contribute to aging-related gastric carcinogenesis.
  • 440
  • 25 Oct 2022
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