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Topic Review
Staphylococcus aureus-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Atopic Dermatitis Pathophysiology
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory cutaneous disease. The role of host defense and microbial virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization, infection, and inflammation perpetuation in AD remains an area of current research focus. Extracellular vesicles (EV) mediate cell-to-cell communication by transporting and delivering bioactive molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and enzymes, to recipient cells. Staphylococcus aureus spontaneously secretes extracellular vesicles (SA-derived EVs), which spread throughout the skin layers. Research has shown that SA-derived EVs from AD patients can trigger cytokine secretion in keratinocytes, shape the recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes, and induce inflammatory AD-type lesions in mouse models, in addition to their role as exogenous worsening factors for the disease. 
  • 136
  • 22 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Initiating Nutritional Therapy in Rural Environments
Medical (healthcare) deserts and food deserts, either separate or combined, exist in rural areas, globally. The physicians and other healthcare professionals who serve rural and other underserved populations, to some extent, also experience life in these areas. Dietary guidelines, from expert societies, for people with diabetes, have been helpful in guiding healthcare professionals through nutritional interventions. However, these guidelines are not designed for rural areas where healthcare resources are scarce, and access to the built environment for a healthy lifestyle and affordable healthy foods are not available.
  • 191
  • 22 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Heterogeneity in Malignancy
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains an understudied and significant global cancer killer and dismal survival rates have not changed in decades. A better understanding of the molecular basis of OSCC progression and metastasis is needed to develop new approaches for treating this disease. The supportive network surrounding cancer tumor cells known as the tumor microenvironment (TME) has gained increasing interest lately since it performs essential protumorigenic functions. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the main cell types in the TME and are known to play a key role in influencing the biological behavior of tumors.
  • 119
  • 22 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Training provided to Paramedics in Low-Acuity Clinical Conditions
Ambulance services around the world are increasingly attending to calls for non-emergency conditions. These lower-acuity conditions do not always require patients to be transported to the emergency department. Consequently, over the past two decades, ambulance services have implemented strategies to support paramedics in diverting non-urgent patients to alternative care pathways. However, assessing and managing low-acuity conditions can be challenging for paramedics, especially when education and training has traditionally focused on emergency care.
  • 163
  • 22 Mar 2024
Topic Review
PET/MRI for Breast Cancer
The advent of PET/MRI, which combines metabolic PET information with high anatomical detail from MRI, has emerged as a promising tool for breast cancer diagnosis, staging, treatment response assessment, and restaging. Technical advancements including the integration of PET and MRI, considerations in patient preparation, and optimized imaging protocols contribute to the success of dedicated breast and whole-body PET/MRI. 
  • 87
  • 22 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Conductive Polymer-Based Interlayer Modified Separators in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) are considered a promising candidate for next-generation energy storage devices due to the advantages of high theoretical specific capacity, abundant resources and being environmentally friendly. However, the severe shuttle effect of polysulfides causes the low utilization of active substances and rapid capacity fading, thus seriously limiting their practical application. The introduction of conductive polymer-based interlayers between cathodes and separators is considered to be an effective method to solve this problem because they can largely confine, anchor and convert the soluble polysulfides.
  • 158
  • 22 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Heavy-Duty Trucking
Seaports are perceived as multimodal hubs of the logistics supply chain where various transport modes intersect to exchange goods shipped by vessels. Increasing trade and capacity constraints are making this area a major contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. National and regional decision-makers perceive port sustainability as a concern while planning GHG mitigation projects. However, to plan and conduct successful GHG management programs, it is critical to first develop an appropriate assessment approach that fits well with the operating and geographical context of the given port. For heavy-duty trucking activities taking place within such ports, several models and methodologies for assessing GHG emissions are available, but their generalization is challenging for many reasons, notably because of the specific features of traffic within the port.
  • 529
  • 22 Mar 2024
Topic Review
New Insights into the Anti-Aging Properties of Mushrooms
Aging is a complex biological process that is influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Recently, it has been discovered that reactive oxygen species can accelerate the aging process, leading to an increased incidence of age-related diseases that are characteristic of aging.
  • 306
  • 22 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Bioactive Peptides Derived from Hen Egg Proteins
Hen eggs, characterized by high protein and digestibility, are an excellent source of food-derived bioactive peptides. Some peptides comprising fewer than six amino acids may resist gastrointestinal digestion and remain intact as they cross the intestinal epithelium.
  • 248
  • 22 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Yeast-Based Screening of Anti-Viral Molecules
Viruses are microscopic, subcellular biological entities that mainly consist of proteins and nucleic acid [ssDNA or dsDNA or (+) ssRNA or (−) ssRNA or both DNA and RNA (for example, Leukovirus)]. Yeast emerged as a model of choice for in vivo assays. Several features that compel the use of a yeast-based platform for screening purposes are briefly highlighted here.
  • 243
  • 22 Mar 2024
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