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Topic Review
Zero-Waste City Construction in Xuzhou
The rapidly growing output of solid waste has brought tremendous pressure to urban development. China launched an action plan known as “Zero-waste city” (ZWC), that refers to an urban development model aimed at reducing the generation of and enhancing the recycling of solid waste, in order to alleviate environmental impacts. Xuzhou, as one of the 11 pilot cities selected by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, is the chosen object of this study. Based on the analysis of material flow and the national policy objectives, five main approaches are put forward in line with the characteristics of Xuzhou, and good results have been achieved in solid waste management through practical experience.
  • 731
  • 15 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Zero-Trust Marine Cyberdefense for IoT-Based Communications
Integrating Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) into marine cyberdefense systems can address the lack of trustworthiness and low interpretability inherent in complex black-box Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) models. XAI has emerged as a pivotal focus in achieving a zero-trust cybersecurity strategy within marine communication networks. 
  • 248
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Zero-Shot Semantic Segmentation with No Supervision Leakage
Zero-shot semantic segmentation (ZS3), the process of classifying unseen classes without explicit training samples, poses a significant challenge. Despite notable progress made by pre-trained vision-language models, they have a problem of “supervision leakage” in the unseen classes due to their large-scale pre-trained data.
  • 369
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Zero-Fluoroscopy Cardiac Ablation
Electrophysiological procedures are mainly performed using fluoroscopy, exposing both healthcare staff and patients to a non-negligible dose of radiation. To date, simple ablation procedures have often been approached with zero fluoroscopy. In complex ablation procedures, such as atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation, zero fluoroscopy is still challenging mainly because of transseptal puncture. We report a workflow to perform a complete zero-fluoroscopy AF ablation using a 3D electro-anatomical mapping system, intracardiac echocardiography and a novel steerable guiding sheath visible on the mapping system. We describe two cases, one with paroxysmal AF and the other with persistent AF during which this novel workflow was successfully applied with complete zero-fluoroscopy exposure and achieving pulmonary vein isolation.
  • 517
  • 16 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Zero-Day Attack and Cybersecurity on Twitter
In the information era, knowledge can pose risks in the online realm. It is imperative to proactively recognize potential threats, as unforeseen dangers cannot be eliminated entirely. Often, malware exploits and other emerging hazards are only identified after they have occurred. These types of risks are referred to as zero-day attacks since no pre-existing anti-malware measures are available to mitigate them. Consequently, significant damages occur when vulnerabilities in systems are exploited. The effectiveness of security systems, such as IPS and IDS, relies heavily on the prompt and efficient response to emerging threats.
  • 286
  • 05 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Zero Solid Waste in the Sedimentary Phosphate Industry
The phosphate industry produces huge volumes of waste (hundred million tons per year). These wastes are generally surface landfilled, leading to significant environmental impacts and a large footprint. All the waste streams generated during the life cycle of phosphoric acid production going from the extraction of phosphate rock to its enrichment and transformation are considered. Great circularity opportunities have been identified and they aim (i) to recover the residual phosphorus and other critical minerals and metals, and (ii) to consider phosphate wastes as alternative resources in the civil engineering and building sectors. The purpose is to shift from linear thinking to circular thinking where synergy between different mining and other industries is highly encouraged. 
  • 963
  • 16 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Zero Liquid Discharge System for the Tannery Industry
The tannery industry is characterized by the consumption of a large quantity of water, around 30–40 m3 for processing 1000 kg of hide or skin. This amount becomes wastewater, containing about 300 kg of different chemicals, mainly refractory organic compounds, with high chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved salts (TDS), chromium, and evolution of toxic gases, such as ammonia and sulfides, etc. The remaining tanning chemicals are released as effluent having high resistance against biological degradation, becoming a serious environmental issue. The Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) system serves to ensure zero water emission, as well as treatment facilities by recycling, recovery, and reuse of the treated wastewater using advanced cleanup technology. The international scenario shows the implementation of ZLD thanks to pressure from regulatory agencies. The ZLD system consists of a pre-treatment system with conventional physicochemical treatment, tertiary treatment, softening of the treated effluent, reverse osmosis (RO) treatment for desalination, and thermal evaporation of the saline reject from RO to separate the salts. By adopting this system, water consumption is reduced. Moreover, ZLD also becomes effective in disaster mitigation in areas where the tannery industry is a strong economic actor. 
  • 941
  • 27 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Zero Energy Buildings Concept-Definition Review for Latin America
In recent decades, European countries have developed concepts, definitions, and construction technologies for Zero Energy Building (ZEB) that are effective and correspond to their specific climates. Latin American countries are still trying to find adequate solutions which respond to the local climatic, cultural, social, technical, and economic context. As such, this paper aims to establish the basis of the minimum energy efficiency and the renewable threshold for the definition of ZEB in order to better understand the application in Panama, based on assessing the energy regulations implemented in Panama. To achieve this aim, a review concentrated on the concept-definition and implementation adopted by Latin American countries is presented first before the paper converges into defining a framework for application in Panama. Finally, a case-study-based theoretical framework proposing a ZEB definition for Panama is discussed. The results of this study showed a net primary energy balance, of which the range falls into a plus energy building definition, indicating that all of the cases studied could supply their electricity needs using Photovoltaic generation. All dwellings studied have the potential to become a plus energy building, depending on the available roof surface area. Finally, a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats analysis is presented in order to assess and support the introduction of such a ZEB definition and framework. 
  • 741
  • 18 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Zermelo's Theorem (Game Theory)
In game theory, Zermelo's theorem is a theorem about finite two-person games of perfect information in which the players move alternately and in which chance does not affect the decision making process. It says that if the game cannot end in a draw, then one of the two players must have a winning strategy (i.e. can force a win). An alternate statement is that for a game meeting all of these conditions except the condition that a draw is now possible, then either the first-player can force a win, or the second-player can force a win, or both players can force a draw. The theorem is named after Ernst Zermelo, a German mathematician and logician, who proved the theorem for the example game of chess in 1913.
  • 720
  • 15 Nov 2022
Biography
Zera Yacob
Zera Yacob (/ˈzɪərə jæˈkoʊb/; Ge'ez: ዘርአ ፡ ያዕቆብ zar'ā yāʿiqōb "Seed of Jacob," modern Zer'a Yā'iqōb; also spelled Zärˀä Yaˁqob, Zar'a Ya'aqob, or Zar'a Ya'eqob; 31 August 1599 – 1692) was a seventeenth-century Ethiopian philosopher from the city Aksum. His 1667 treatise, developed around 1630 and known in the original Ge'ez language as the Hatata (Inquiry), has
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  • 15 Nov 2022
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