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Topic Review
Vision-Based Autonomous Vehicle Systems
Autonomous vehicle systems (AVS) have advanced at an exponential rate, particularly due to improvements in artificial intelligence, which have had a significant impact on social as well as road safety and the future of transportation systems. Deep learning is fast becoming a successful alternative approach for perception-based AVS as it reduces both cost and dependency on sensor fusion.
  • 901
  • 12 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Vision-Autocorrect
The last two years have seen a rapid rise in the duration of time that both adults and children spend on screens, driven by the recent COVID-19 health pandemic. A key adverse effect is digital eye strain (DES). Recent trends in human-computer interaction and user experience have proposed voice or gesture-guided designs that present more effective and less intrusive automated solutions. These approaches inspired the design of a solution that uses facial expression recognition (FER) techniques to detect DES and autonomously adapt the application to enhance the user’s experience.
  • 340
  • 23 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Vision Systems for Fruit and Vegetable Classification
Citrus fruits are the second most important crop worldwide. One of the most important tasks is sorting, which involves manually separating the fruit based on its degree of maturity, and in many cases, involves a task carried out manually by human operators. A machine vision-based citrus sorting system can replace labor work for the inspection of fruit sorting.
  • 329
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Vision Sensing Technology
Structural health monitoring is currently a crucial measure for the analysis of structural safety. As a structural asset management approach, it can provide a cost-effective measure and has been used successfully in a variety of structures. The development of fiber optic sensing technology and vision sensing technology has led to further advances in structural health monitoring. 
  • 383
  • 06 May 2023
Topic Review
Vision in Fishes
Vision is an important sensory system for most species of fish. Fish eyes are similar to the eyes of terrestrial vertebrates like birds and mammals, but have a more spherical lens. Birds and mammals (including humans) normally adjust focus by changing the shape of their lens, but fish normally adjust focus by moving the lens closer to or further from the retina. Fish retinas generally have both rod cells and cone cells (for scotopic and photopic vision), and most species have colour vision. Some fish can see ultraviolet and some are sensitive to polarized light. Among jawless fishes, the lamprey has well-developed eyes, while the hagfish has only primitive eyespots. The ancestors of modern hagfish, thought to be the protovertebrate were evidently pushed to very deep, dark waters, where they were less vulnerable to sighted predators, and where it is advantageous to have a convex eye-spot, which gathers more light than a flat or concave one. Fish vision shows evolutionary adaptation to their visual environment, for example deep sea fish have eyes suited to the dark environment.
  • 9.9K
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Visible-Light-Promoted Carbonylation Reactions
The abundant and inexpensive carbon monoxide (CO) is widely exploited as a C1 source for the synthesis of both fine and bulk chemicals. In this context, photochemical carbonylation reactions have emerged as a powerful tool for the sustainable synthesis of carbonyl-containing compounds (esters, amides, ketones, etc.).
  • 1.7K
  • 11 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis for the Thiol-Ene/Yne Reactions
Visible-light photoredox catalysis has been established as a popular and powerful tool for organic transformations owing to its inherent characterization of environmental friendliness and sustainability in the past decades. The thiol-ene/yne reactions, the direct hydrothiolation of alkenes/alkynes with thiols, represents one of the most efficient and atom-economic approaches for the carbon-sulfur bonds construction. In traditional methodologies, harsh conditions such as stoichiometric reagents or a specialized UV photo-apparatus were necessary suffering from various disadvantages. In particular, visible-light photoredox catalysis has also been demonstrated to be a greener and milder protocol for the thiol-ene/yne reactions in recent years. Additionally, unprecedented advancements have been achieved in this area during the past decade.
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Visible Light Communications
Visible light communication (VLC) is a highly promising complement to conventional wireless communication for local-area networking in future 6G. The extra electro-optical and photoelectric conversions in VLC systems usually introduce exceeding complexity to communication channels, in particular severe nonlinearities. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques are investigated to overcome the unique challenges in VLC, whereas considerable obstacles are found in practical VLC systems applied with intelligent learning approaches.
  • 323
  • 22 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Visible Light Communication
Visible Light Communication (VLC) technology is an emerging technology using visible light modulation that, in the modern world, will mainly facilitate high-speed internet connectivity. VLC technology employs visible light for communication to facilitate high-speed internet connectivity exclusively in the indoor environment. This particular report will tell about some potential applications of VLC and the implementation of LEDs and some of the factors affecting the modulation bandwidth of LEDs for the VLC application.
  • 3.8K
  • 11 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Visible Light as a Therapeutic Option for Pigmentary Disorders
Visible-light therapy (VLT) is commonly used for various skin diseases, mostly as a second-line option. Likewise, it plays a primary or adjunctive role in the clinical management of pigmentary disorders. In the treatment of pigmentary disorders, there are three primary types of visible-light therapies utilized: laser, intense pulsed light (IPL), and LED therapy. Each type of light has unique features and mechanisms that cater to different skin conditions and disorders.
  • 301
  • 25 Dec 2023
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