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Topic Review
Overcoming Antimicrobial Resistance in Endophthalmitis
Endophthalmitis is a rare but vision-threatening infection characterized by marked inflammation of intraocular fluids and tissues, uncommonly seen following surgery and intravitreal injection. Antimicrobials are used worldwide in the prophylaxis and treatment of bacterial and fungal infections of the eye and are standard treatment in the preoperative and postoperative care of surgical patients. However, antimicrobials are reported to be overprescribed in many parts of the world, which contributes to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). AMR complicates the prophylaxis and treatment of endophthalmitis. 
  • 127
  • 18 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Line Feature, Vanishing Points and Manhattan World Analysis
In conventional point-line visual inertial odometry systems under indoor environment, consideration of spatial position recovery and line feature classification can improve localization accuracy. A monocular visual inertial odometry based on structured and unstructured line features of vanishing points is proposed. First, degeneracy phenomenon caused by special geometric relationship between epipoles and line features is analyzed in process of triangulation, and a degeneracy detection strategy is designed to determine the location of the epipoles. Then, considering the property that vanishing point and epipole coincide at infinity, vanishing point feature is introduced to solve the degeneracy and direction vector optimization problem of line features. Finally, threshold constraints are used to categorize straight lines into structural and non-structural features under the Manhattan world assumption, and the vanishing point measurement model is added to the sliding window for joint optimization. Comparative tests on the EuRoC and TUM-VI public datasets validated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
  • 149
  • 18 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) in Deep Learning Contexts
Self-supervised learning (SSL) is a potential deep learning (DL) technique that uses massive volumes of unlabeled data to train neural networks. SSL techniques have evolved in response to the poor classification performance of conventional and even modern machine learning (ML) and DL models of enormous unlabeled data produced periodically in different disciplines. However, the literature does not fully address SSL’s practicalities and workabilities necessary for industrial engineering and medicine. Accordingly, this thorough review is administered to identify these prominent possibilities for prediction, focusing on industrial and medical fields. This extensive survey, with its pivotal outcomes, could support industrial engineers and medical personnel in efficiently predicting machinery faults and patients’ ailments without referring to traditional numerical models that require massive computational budgets, time, storage, and effort for data annotation. 
  • 273
  • 18 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Extracellular Vesicles for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer
Standard non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) treatment involves surgery, recently combined with chemotherapy or immunotherapy in cases of advanced tumors. EVs, including exosomes, are integral to carcinogenesis, and are found in NMSC releasing mediators impacting tumor progression. Nevertheless, the precise intercellular signaling role of NMSC-derived EVs remains unclear. 
  • 116
  • 18 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Cost-Effective Diagnostic Algorithm for Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms
The increased detection of pancreatic cysts in recent years has triggered extensive diagnostic investigations to clarify their potential risk of malignancy, resulting in a large number of patients undergoing numerous imaging follow-up studies for many years. Therefore, there is a growing need for optimization of the current surveillance protocol to reduce both healthcare costs and waiting lists, while still maintaining appropriate sensibility and specificity. Imaging is an essential tool for evaluating patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) since it can assess several predictors for malignancy and thus guide further management recommendations. Although contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) has been widely recommended by most international guidelines, recent results support the use of unenhanced abbreviated-MRI (A-MRI) protocols as a surveillance tool in patients with IPMN. In fact, A-MRI has shown high diagnostic performance in malignant detection, with high sensitivity and specificity as well as excellent interobserver agreement. 
  • 296
  • 18 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Class Imbalance Problem in Credit Risk Prediction
Credit, as defined by financial institutions such as banks and lending companies, represents a vital loan certificate issued to individuals or businesses. This certification mechanism plays a pivotal role in ensuring the smooth functioning of the financial sector, contingent upon comprehensive evaluations of creditworthiness.
  • 191
  • 18 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Different Routing Problems in Transportation
Routing problems refer to a class of optimization problems concerned with finding the most efficient routes or sequences of visits for vehicles tasked with delivering goods or services. These problems typically involve determining optimal paths through a network of nodes (e.g., customers, locations) while satisfying various constraints such as vehicle capacity, time windows, and distance or time limitations.
  • 122
  • 18 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Long Non-Coding RNAs in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are novel genetic biomarkers that can be used as exclusionary tools specific to Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). These historical biomarkers have been there for years, so a change in the approach is necessary to better diagnose and treat these NDDs.
  • 125
  • 18 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Plasma-Driven Phenomena
Plasma-driven science is defined as the artificial control of physical plasma-driven phenomena based on complex interactions between nonequilibrium open systems.
  • 207
  • 18 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Business Email Compromise Defender
In an era of ever-evolving and increasingly sophisticated cyber threats, protecting sensitive information from cyberattacks such as business email compromise (BEC) attacks has become a top priority for individuals and enterprises. According to the available literature, various authentication methods have been explored for validating physical documents using QR codes.
  • 655
  • 18 Mar 2024
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