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Topic Review
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Heavy-Duty Trucking
Seaports are perceived as multimodal hubs of the logistics supply chain where various transport modes intersect to exchange goods shipped by vessels. Increasing trade and capacity constraints are making this area a major contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. National and regional decision-makers perceive port sustainability as a concern while planning GHG mitigation projects. However, to plan and conduct successful GHG management programs, it is critical to first develop an appropriate assessment approach that fits well with the operating and geographical context of the given port. For heavy-duty trucking activities taking place within such ports, several models and methodologies for assessing GHG emissions are available, but their generalization is challenging for many reasons, notably because of the specific features of traffic within the port.
  • 529
  • 22 Mar 2024
Topic Review
New Insights into the Anti-Aging Properties of Mushrooms
Aging is a complex biological process that is influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Recently, it has been discovered that reactive oxygen species can accelerate the aging process, leading to an increased incidence of age-related diseases that are characteristic of aging.
  • 306
  • 22 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Bioactive Peptides Derived from Hen Egg Proteins
Hen eggs, characterized by high protein and digestibility, are an excellent source of food-derived bioactive peptides. Some peptides comprising fewer than six amino acids may resist gastrointestinal digestion and remain intact as they cross the intestinal epithelium.
  • 248
  • 22 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Yeast-Based Screening of Anti-Viral Molecules
Viruses are microscopic, subcellular biological entities that mainly consist of proteins and nucleic acid [ssDNA or dsDNA or (+) ssRNA or (−) ssRNA or both DNA and RNA (for example, Leukovirus)]. Yeast emerged as a model of choice for in vivo assays. Several features that compel the use of a yeast-based platform for screening purposes are briefly highlighted here.
  • 243
  • 22 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Opioid-Induced Constipation in Cancer Patients
Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is a disabling symptom which 60–90 percent of cancer patients with chronic opioid use experience. Peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor antagonists (PAMORAs) are a class of medications aiming to reverse opioids’ adverse effects on the gut by interacting with opioid receptors in the gastrointestinal tract without significantly crossing the blood–brain barrier, and therefore they are not affecting the analgesic opioid effects in the central nervous system.
  • 114
  • 22 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Flavonoids as CYP3A4 Inhibitors In Vitro
CYP enzymes are a group of heme-containing enzymes that play important roles in the metabolism of many drugs and other xenobiotics. They are located in the endoplasmic reticulum of cells throughout the body, but they are most abundant in the liver.
  • 111
  • 22 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Chemical and Biological Properties of Xanthohumol
Xanthohumol (Xn), a prenylated chalcone found in Hop (Humulus lupulus L.), has been shown to have potent anti-aging, diabetes, inflammation, microbial infection, and cancer properties. 
  • 190
  • 22 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Isoprene-Derived Signaling Molecules in Plant System
Isoprene, a lipophilic and unstable compound with the chemical formula C5H8, is transported to plant chloroplasts via the 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway, which relies on photosynthesis. Although only about 20% of terrestrial plants can synthesize isoprene, those that emit it are more adaptable to oxidative and thermal stresses. Plants use volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to communicate with other living things. Isoprene, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes make up the largest class of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by plants terpenes. In plant–plant interactions, mono- and sesquiterpenes are well-known communication molecules. On the other hand, isoprene, the smallest and most often released terpene, is instead given a role in fighting abiotic stressors. 
  • 187
  • 22 Mar 2024
Topic Review
-Omics Approaches in Studies of Polystyrene MNP Toxicity
The investigation of the toxicity mechanism of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) is a topic of major concern for the scientific community. The use of transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics has suggested that the main pathways affected by polystyrene (PS) MNPs are related to energy metabolism, oxidative stress, immune response, and the nervous system, both in fishes and aquatic invertebrates. 
  • 329
  • 22 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Climate Change-Related Disaster Risk Mitigation
Instead of addressing the disaster’s underlying risk, the traditional disaster insurance strategy largely focuses on providing financial security for asset recovery after a disaster. This constraint becomes especially concerning as the threat of climate-related disasters grows since it may result in rising long-term damage expenditures.
  • 173
  • 22 Mar 2024
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