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All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Building Information Modelling and Project-Lifecycle
The Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Operations (AECO) industry constitutes a cornerstone of a country’s economy and is predicted to account for circa 15% of the World’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by 2030. Construction outputs create critical infrastructure and buildings that cumulatively constitute the built environment which provides the basis for society and other industries to flourish; hence, the economic contribution is perhaps greater than the estimated “direction” contribution to the GDP. Annually, the AECO industry is responsible for nearly 40% of the total energy use, 32% of CO2 emissions and 25% of the generated waste in Europe. Furthermore, in many developing countries, the construction industry has undergone substantial fluctuations to accomplish its local economic objectives. As a result, many developing countries’ financial procedures are in the process of improvement. In these countries, construction projects frequently face several time-schedule delays. Furthermore, the industry is faced with numerous productivity issues stemming from the lack of adoption of emerging technologies or concepts such as Building Information Modelling (BIM), blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT) and Industry 4.0. As a result, the construction industry in developing countries does not achieve government goals for society and clients, and a need for developing “overall success construction projects” that are resource-efficient has been underlined in the literature.
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Aug 2021
Topic Review
External Human–Machine Interface of AVs
In future urban traffic, it is more likely that automated vehicles (AVs) will operate not in separated traffic spaces but in so-called mixed traffic environments where different types of traffic participants interact. Therefore, AVs must be able to communicate with other traffic participants, e.g., pedestrians as vulnerable road users (VRUs), to solve ambiguous traffic situations. Taking current traffic communication patterns into account, a combination of implicit communication via the driving behavior (e.g., deceleration, position in lane) and explicit communication via an external Human–Machine Interface (eHMI) seems to be a promising approach. The eHMI consists of an external interface connected to the vehicle, which can transmit explicit signals enabling interaction between AVs and other TPs.
  • 929
  • 15 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Fashion Recommendation Systems
Image-based fashion recommendation systems (FRSs) have attracted a huge amount of attention from fast fashion retailers as they provide a personalized shopping experience to consumers. With the technological advancements, this branch of artificial intelligence exhibits a tremendous amount of potential in image processing, parsing, classification, and segmentation.
  • 2.4K
  • 12 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Blockchain and Energy Internet
Emergence of the Energy Internet (EI) demands restructuring of traditional electricity grids to integrate heterogeneous energy sources, distribution network management with grid intelligence and big data management. This paradigm shift is considered to be a breakthrough in the energy industry towards facilitating autonomous and decentralized grid operations while maximizing the utilization of Distributed Generation (DG). Blockchain has been identified as a disruptive technology enabler for the realization of EI to facilitate reliable, self-operated energy delivery. 
  • 681
  • 12 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Soft Exoskeletons
The present entry is oriented to the studies of the last decade and covers the upper and lower joints, specifically the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, hip, knee, and ankle. Its functionality, applicability, and main characteristics are exposed, such as degrees of freedom, force, actuators, power transmission methods, control systems, and sensors. 
  • 830
  • 10 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
The effectiveness of Convolutional Neural Networks in image recognition motivates the researchers to extend its applications in the field of agriculture for recognition of plant species, yield management, weed detection, soil, and water management, fruit counting, diseases, and pest detection, evaluating the nutrient status of plants, and much more. The availability of voluminous research works in applying deep learning models in agriculture leads to difficulty in selecting a suitable model according to the type of dataset and experimental environment. In this manuscript, the authors present a survey of the existing literature in applying deep Convolutional Neural Networks to predict plant diseases from leaf images.
  • 641
  • 10 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Fall Detection and Prevention
A fall can be described as an unpredicted event leading the participants to rest on the lower level (ground or floor). As a result, it causes injuries that can often be fatal. Psychological grievances are also considered as the consequence of falls. People may suffer from anxiety, depression, activity restriction, and fear of falling. The primary physiological issue in older adults is fear of falling, restricting their Activities of Daily Life (ADL). This fear leads to activity restriction, which may lead to inadequate gait balance and weakened muscle that affects the mobility and independence of older adults. Therefore, remote/wearable technologies are required to track, detect, and prevent falls for improving the overall quality of life (QoL). For this purpose, understanding of falls can be classified as fall prevention and fall detection. Fall detection refers to the detection of a fall using sensors/cameras to summon help. In contrast, fall prevention aims to avert falls by observing human locomotion. Numerous systems have been developed using different sensors and algorithms to detect and prevent the fall.
  • 820
  • 09 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Six-Gear Roadmap towards Smart Factory
The fourth industrial revolution is the transformation of manufacturing into smart manufacturing. Advanced industrial digital technologies that make the trend Industry 4.0 are considered as the transforming force that will enable this transformation. However, these technologies need to be connected, integrated and used effectively to create value and to provide insights for data driven manufacturing. Smart manufacturing is a journey and requires a roadmap to guide manufacturing organizations for its adoption. The proposed roadmap is a simple holistic management strategy for an Industry 4.0 implementation journey. It serves as a strategic practical tool for rapid adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies. It bridges the gap between the advanced technologies and their application in manufacturing industry, especially for SMEs.
  • 4.4K
  • 06 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Big Data Mining
Big data mining (BDM) is an approach that uses the cumulative data mining or extraction techniques on large datasets / volumes of data. It is mainly focused on retrieving relevant and demanded information (or patterns) and thus extracting value hidden in data of an immense volume. BDM draws from the conventional data mining notation but also combines the aspects of big data, i.e. it enables to acquire useful information from databases or data streams that are huge in terms of “big data V’s”, like volume, velocity, and variety.
  • 6.5K
  • 05 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Human Behavior Analysis by Data
The goal of this study was to conduct a literature review of current approaches and techniques for identifying, understanding, and predicting human behaviors through mining a variety of sources of textual data with a focus on enabling classification of psychological behaviors regarding emotion, cognition, and social empathy. 
  • 587
  • 05 Aug 2021
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