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Topic Review
Machine Learning for Crop Disease
Crop diseases constitute a serious issue in agriculture, affecting both quality and quantity of agriculture production. Disease control has been a research object in many scientific and technologic domains. Technological advances in sensors, data storage, computing resources and artificial intelligence have shown enormous potential to control diseases effectively. A growing body of literature recognizes the importance of using data from different types of sensors and machine learning approaches to build models for detection, prediction, analysis, assessment, etc. However, the increasing number and diversity of research studies requires a literature review for further developments and contributions in this area. 
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Attention Mechanism for Remote Sensing
Machine learning, particularly deep learning (DL), has become a central and state-of-the-art method for several computer vision applications and remote sensing (RS) image processing. Researchers are continually trying to improve the performance of the DL methods by developing new architectural designs of the networks and/or developing new techniques, such as attention mechanisms. Since the attention mechanism has been proposed, regardless of its type, it has been increasingly used for diverse RS applications to improve the performances of the existing DL methods.
  • 2.0K
  • 24 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Causal Loop Diagramming of Socioeconomic Impacts of COVID-19
The complexity, multidimensionality, and persistence of the COVID-19 pandemic have prompted both researchers and policymakers to turn to transdisciplinary methods in dealing with the wickedness of the crisis. While there are increasing calls to use systems thinking to address the intricacy of COVID-19, examples of practical applications of systems thinking are still scarce. We revealed and reviewed eight studies which developed causal loop diagrams (CLDs) to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a broader socioeconomic system. We find that major drivers across all studies are the magnitude of the infection spread and government interventions to curb the pandemic, while the most impacted variables are public perception of the pandemic and the risk of infection.
  • 898
  • 23 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Matrisomal Gene Panel for Head and Neck Cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is common worldwide and related to several risk factors including smoking, alcohol consumption, poor dentition and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Different etiological factors may influence the tumor microenvironment and play a role in dictating response to therapeutics. Here, we sought to investigate whether an early-stage SCCHN-specific prognostic matrisome-derived gene signature could be identified for HPV-negative SCCHN patients (n = 168), by applying a bioinformatics pipeline to the publicly available SCCHN-TCGA dataset. We identified six matrisome-derived genes with high association with prognostic outcomes in SCCHN. A six-gene risk score, the SCCHN TMI (SCCHN-tumor matrisome index: composed of MASP1, EGFL6, SFRP5, SPP1, MMP8 and P4HA1) was constructed and used to stratify patients into risk groups. Using machine learning-based deconvolution methods, we found that the risk groups were characterized by a differing abundance of infiltrating immune cells. 
  • 599
  • 23 Nov 2021
Topic Review
HAR in Smart Homes
Human Activity Recognition (HAR) consists in monitoring and analyzing the behavior of one or more persons in order to deduce their activity. In a smart home context, the HAR consists in monitoring daily activities of the residents, based on a network of IoT devices. Owing to this monitoring, a smart home can offer personalized home assistance services to improve quality of life, autonomy and health of their residents, especially for elderly and dependent people.
  • 774
  • 19 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Active and Assisted Living
Over the last decade, there has been considerable and increasing interest in the development of Active and Assisted Living (AAL) systems to support independent living. The demographic change towards an aging population has introduced new challenges to today’s society from both an economic and societal standpoint. AAL can provide an array of solutions for improving the quality of life of individuals, for allowing people to live healthier and independently for longer, for helping people with disabilities, and for supporting caregivers and medical staff. 
  • 2.1K
  • 19 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Imaging Techniques for Cardiac Function
Cardiac imaging techniques include a variety of distinct applications with which we can visualize cardiac function non-invasively. Through different applications of physical entities such as sound waves, X-rays, magnetic fields, and nuclear energy, along with highly sophisticated computer hardware and software, it is now possible to reconstruct the dynamic aspect of cardiac function in many forms, from static images to high-definition videos and real-time three-dimensional projections.
  • 496
  • 19 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Olfactory Displays in Education and Training
Olfactory displays are defined as human–computer interfaces that generate and diffuse or transmit one or more odors to a user for a purpose. Computer-generated odors, in conjunction with other sensory information, have been proposed and used in education and training settings over the past four decades, supporting memorization of information, helping immerse learners into 3D educational environments, and complementing or supplementing human senses.
  • 962
  • 19 Nov 2021
Topic Review
GIS and IoT Integration
Internet-of-Things (IoT) concentrates on enabling communication between Things. It is a broadband network that uses standard communication protocols. Geospatial Information System (GIS) is a powerful set of tools that deal with capturing geospatial data, managing that data in a database, analyzing and pattern recognition, and finally visualizing information. IoT, as an emerging technology along with GIS, can result in advanced and user-friendly features in Smart Cities.
  • 2.0K
  • 17 Nov 2021
Topic Review
CS Measures for Nuclear Power Plant Protection
As digital instrumentation in Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) is becoming increasingly complex, both attack vectors and defensive strategies are evolving based on new technologies and vulnerabilities. Continued efforts have been made to develop a variety of measures for the cyber defense of these infrastructures, which often consist in adapting security measures previously developed for other critical infrastructure sectors according to the requirements of NPPs. That being said, due to the very recent development of these solutions, there is a lack of agreement or standardization when it comes to their adoption at an industrial level.   To better understand the state of the art in NPP Cyber-Security (CS) measures, in this work, we conduct a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to identify scientific papers discussing CS frameworks, standards, guidelines, best practices, and any additional CS protection measures for NPPs.From our literature analysis, it was evidenced that protecting the digital space in NPPs involves three main steps: (i) identification of critical digital assets; (ii) risk assessment and threat analysis; (iii) establishment of measures for NPP protection based on the defense-in-depth model. To ensure the CS protection of these infrastructures, a holistic defense-in-depth approach is suggested in order to avoid excessive granularity and lack of compatibility between different layers of protection. Additional research is needed to ensure that such a model is developed effectively and that it is based on the interdependencies of all security requirements of NPPs. 
  • 558
  • 16 Nov 2021
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