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Topic Review
Approaches to Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems Modelling
'Medicine in silico' has been strongly encouraged due to ethical and legal limitations related to animal experiments and investigations conducted on patients. Computer models, particularly the very complex ones (virtual patients—VP), can be used in medical education and biomedical research as well as in clinical applications. Simpler patient-specific models may aid medical procedures. However, computer models are unfit for medical devices testing. Hybrid (i.e., numerical–physical) models do not have this disadvantage.
  • 328
  • 20 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Negation and Speculation Corpora in Natural Language Processing
Negation and speculation are universal linguistic phenomena that affect the performance of Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications, such as those for opinion mining and information retrieval, especially in biomedical data. 
  • 518
  • 20 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Journalistic Knowledge Platform
A Journalistic Knowledge Platform (JKP) is an information system that employ artificial intelligence and big data techniques such as machine learning and knowledge graphs to manage and support the knowledge work needed in all stages of news production. JKPs automate the process of annotating metadata and support daily workflows like news production, archiving, monitoring, management and distribution. JKPs harvest and analyse news and social media information over the net in real time, leverage encyclopaedic sources, and provide journalists with both meaningful background knowledge and newsworthy information. JKPs can provide a digitalisation path towards reduced production costs and improved information quality while adapting the current workflows of newsrooms to new forms of journalism and readers’ demands.
  • 1.1K
  • 20 Jun 2022
Topic Review
IoT Intrusion Detection Using Feature Selection Method
The Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem has experienced significant growth in data traffic and consequently high dimensionality. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) are essential self-protective tools against various cyber-attacks. However, IoT IDS systems face significant challenges due to functional and physical diversity. These IoT characteristics make exploiting all features and attributes for IDS self-protection difficult and unrealistic. 
  • 979
  • 17 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Federated Learning and Blockchain Applications in Vehicular Networks
The Internet of Things (IoT) revitalizes the world with tremendous capabilities and potential to be utilized in vehicular networks. The Smart Transport Infrastructure (STI) era depends mainly on the IoT. Advanced machine learning (ML) techniques are being used to strengthen the STI smartness further. However, some decisions are very challenging due to the vast number of STI components and big data generated from STIs. Computation cost, communication overheads, and privacy issues are significant concerns for wide-scale ML adoption within STI. These issues can be addressed using Federated Learning (FL) and blockchain. FL can be used to address the issues of privacy preservation and handling big data generated in STI management and control. Blockchain is a distributed ledger that can store data while providing trust and integrity assurance. Blockchain can be a solution to data integrity and can add more security to the STI.  While transmitting data, valuable information can be disclosed through the model parameters by reverse engineering. The disclosure of valuable data motivated researchers and developers to adopt known security and privacy defense methods, e.g., functional encryption and differential privacy, to FL.
  • 410
  • 17 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Recognition Technologies of Hand Gesture
Hand gesture recognition plays a significant part in delivering diverse messages using hand gestures in the digital domain. Real-time hand gesture identification is now possible because of advancements in both imaging technology and image processing algorithmic frameworks.
  • 3.2K
  • 17 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Spatially Bounded Airspace Axiom
Axiom is a fundamental truth in mathematics and philosophy. A claim that we do not have to prove, but we accept it as a true statement. The term axiom, in addition to theorems and postulates, can already be found in Euclid’s Elements (BC. 300). We can find the basic truths in all walks of life, including air transport. Air transport takes place in the airspace. Our entry describes an axiom of an airspace based on the latest airspace concept.
  • 810
  • 17 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Intelligent Road Defects Detection Technology
Road defects are important factors affecting traffic safety. In order to improve the identification efficiency of road diseases and the pertinence of maintenance and management, intelligent detection technologies of road diseases have been developed. The problems of high cost and low efficiency of artificial inspection of road diseases are solved efficiently, and the quality of road construction is improved availably. This is not only the guarantee of highway quality but also the guarantee of people’s lives and safety.
  • 3.1K
  • 15 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Deep Learning for Plant Disease Detection for Smart-Hydroponics
Recent advances in computing allows researchers to propose the automation of hydroponic systems to boost efficiency and reduce manpower demands, hence increasing agricultural produce and profit. A completely automated hydroponic system should be equipped with tools capable of detecting plant diseases in real-time. Deep-learning-based plant disease detection models leverage computer vision capability and come up with a model that can diagnose plant diseases by scanning plant leaves. The system is capable of diagnosing a given sample by simply taking the leaf image as input and returning the class of the disease that is affecting the plant on screen to ascertain whether the plant is healthy or not, alongside the name of the diseases that are affecting the plant.
  • 1.4K
  • 15 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Sustainability Budgets
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly being used to solve global problems, and its use could potentially solve challenges relating to climate change, but the creation of AI systems often requires vast amounts of, up front, computing power, and, thereby, it can be a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. In 2015, the United Nations (UN) set their ‘Sustainable Development Goals’ (SDGs) as key global priorities for a better world by 2030. One of the key goals (Goal 13) is ‘to take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts’. More recently, at the 2021 World Climate Summit (a global conference aimed at addressing climate change), a worldwide pledge was made for countries to do more to reduce their carbon footprints. Achieving this aim: utilising ‘Sustainability Budgets’, in analogy with Privacy Budgets in Differential Privacy, it develops a procedure that empowers developers, allows management to have sufficient oversight and provides a governance framework towards achieving Goal 13 of the ‘Sustainable Development Goals’.
  • 814
  • 14 Jun 2022
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