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Topic Review
List of 16-bit Computer Hardware Palettes
This is a list of notable 16-bit RGB color palettes, which were primarily manufactured from 1985 to 1995. Due to mixed-bit architectures, the n-bit distinction is not always a strict categorization.
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  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Comparison of Virtual Private Network Services
This article is a comparison of virtual private network services. In computer magazines, VPN services are typically judged on connection speeds; privacy protection, including privacy at signup and grade of encryption; server count and locations; interface usability; and cost. In order to determine the degree of privacy and anonymity, various computer magazines, such as PC World and PC Magazine, also take the provider's own guarantees and its reputation among news items into consideration.
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Topic Review
Outline of Ubuntu
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Ubuntu: Ubuntu — Debian-based Linux operating system for personal computers, tablets and smartphones, where Ubuntu Touch edition is used; and also runs network servers, usually with the Ubuntu Server edition, either on physical or virtual servers (such as on mainframes) or with containers, that is with enterprise-class features; runs on the most popular architectures, including server-class ARM-based. Ubuntu is published by Canonical Ltd., who offer commercial support.
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Topic Review
Open VOGEL
OpenVOGEL is a collection of free open source computer packages intended for the simulation of aerodynamic problems through the Unsteady Vortex Lattice Method and first order singularity panels (vortex rings, flat doublet panels and flat source/sink panels). The project provides a main application (named Tucan) that integrates all the packages in an interactive and intuitive way for final users. However, any other library can be linked to an external project without the need of a graphical toolkit. A console application has also been developed to provide the same calculation capability as Tucan but without graphical interface. This program extends the service to Linux users, since it is able to run under the Mono runtime without recompilation. All libraries and applicatioms are fully developed in the .NET framework using Visual Studio Express and they are published under General Public License, GPLv3. The OpenVOGEL project comprises the next set of libraries (originally developed by Guillermo Hazebrouck): Additionally, the project relies in the next third party libraries: A feature of the Open VOGEL project is that users can add their own models to the library, and expand that way the general capabilities of the software or adapt it for a specific purpose. In that sense, the software acts as a basic framework for research applications. Any university, research group or individual in the world is authorized to take the source code, modify it and release it under GPLv3 for further use in the aeronautical community. The idea behind this experimental way of working is that those who use the software for practical applications can directly benefit from what researchers are achieving, so that their results can be directly put into practice.
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Topic Review
Life Annuity
A life annuity is an annuity, or series of payments at fixed intervals, paid while the purchaser (or annuitant) is alive. The majority of life annuities are insurance products sold or issued by life insurance companies however substantial case law indicates that annuity products are not necessarily insurance products. Annuities can be purchased to provide an income during retirement, or originate from a structured settlement of a personal injury lawsuit. Life annuities may be sold in exchange for the immediate payment of a lump sum (single-payment annuity) or a series of regular payments (flexible payment annuity), prior to the onset of the annuity. The payment stream from the issuer to the annuitant has an unknown duration based principally upon the date of death of the annuitant. At this point the contract will terminate and the remainder of the fund accumulated is forfeited unless there are other annuitants or beneficiaries in the contract. Thus a life annuity is a form of longevity insurance, where the uncertainty of an individual's lifespan is transferred from the individual to the insurer, which reduces its own uncertainty by pooling many clients.
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Topic Review
Data Transmission
Data transmission (also data communication or digital communications) is the transfer of data (a digital bitstream or a digitized analog signal) over a point-to-point or point-to-multipoint communication channel. Examples of such channels are copper wires, optical fibers, wireless communication channels, storage media and computer buses. The data are represented as an electromagnetic signal, such as an electrical voltage, radiowave, microwave, or infrared signal. Analog or analogue transmission is a transmission method of conveying voice, data, image, signal or video information using a continuous signal which varies in amplitude, phase, or some other property in proportion to that of a variable. The messages are either represented by a sequence of pulses by means of a line code (baseband transmission), or by a limited set of continuously varying waveforms (passband transmission), using a digital modulation method. The passband modulation and corresponding demodulation (also known as detection) is carried out by modem equipment. According to the most common definition of digital signal, both baseband and passband signals representing bit-streams are considered as digital transmission, while an alternative definition only considers the baseband signal as digital, and passband transmission of digital data as a form of digital-to-analog conversion. Data transmitted may be digital messages originating from a data source, for example a computer or a keyboard. It may also be an analog signal such as a phone call or a video signal, digitized into a bit-stream, for example, using pulse-code modulation (PCM) or more advanced source coding (analog-to-digital conversion and data compression) schemes. This source coding and decoding is carried out by codec equipment.
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Topic Review
Consumerization of Information Technology
Consumerization is the reorientation of product and service designs to focus on (and market to) the end user as an individual consumer, in contrast with an earlier era of only organization-oriented offerings (designed solely for business-to-business or business-to-government sales). Technologies whose first commercialization was at the inter-organization level thus have potential for later consumerization. The emergence of the individual consumer as the primary driver of product and service design is most commonly associated with the IT industry, as large business and government organizations dominated the early decades of computer usage and development. Thus the microcomputer revolution, in which electronic computing moved from exclusively enterprise and government use to include personal computing, is a cardinal example of consumerization. But many technology-based products, such as calculators and mobile phones, have also had their origins in business markets, and only over time did they become dominated by high-volume consumer usage, as these products commoditized and prices fell. An example of enterprise software that became consumer software is optical character recognition software, which originated with banks and postal systems (to automate cheque clearing and mail sorting) but eventually became personal productivity software. In a different sense, consumerization of IT is the proliferation of personally owned IT at the workplace (in addition to, or even instead of, company-owned IT), which originates in the consumer market, to be used for professional purposes. This bring your own device trend has significantly changed corporate IT policies, as employees now often use their own laptops, netbooks, tablets, and smartphones on the hardware side, and social media, web conferencing, cloud storage, and software as a service on the software side.
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Topic Review
Atari Portfolio
The Atari Portfolio (Atari PC Folio) is an IBM PC-compatible palmtop PC, released by Atari Corporation in June 1989. This makes it the world's first palmtop computer.
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Topic Review
Louvain Modularity
The Louvain Method for community detection is a method to extract communities from large networks created by Blondel et al. from the University of Louvain (affiliation of authors has given the method its name). The method is a greedy optimization method that appears to run in time [math]\displaystyle{ O(n \log n) }[/math].
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  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Remote Keyless Using Pre-Trained Deep Neural Network
Keyless systems have replaced the old-fashioned methods of inserting physical keys into keyholes to unlock the door, which are inconvenient and easily exploited by threat actors. Keyless systems use the technology of radio frequency (RF) as an interface to transmit signals from the key fob to the vehicle.
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