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Topic Review
From Simultaneous Localization and Mapping to Situational Awareness
Situational Awareness (SA) is a fundamental capability of humans that has been deeply studied in various fields, such as psychology, military, aerospace, and education. Nevertheless, it has yet to be considered in robotics, which has focused on single compartmentalized concepts such as sensing, spatial perception, sensor fusion, state estimation, and Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM).
  • 406
  • 25 May 2023
Topic Review
Automatic Diagnosis of Glaucoma from Retinal Images
Glaucoma is characterized by increased intraocular pressure and damage to the optic nerve, which may result in irreversible blindness. The drastic effects of this disease can be avoided if it is detected at an early stage. However, the condition is frequently detected at an advanced stage in the elderly population. Therefore, early-stage detection may save patients from irreversible vision loss. The manual assessment of glaucoma by ophthalmologists includes various skill-oriented, costly, and time-consuming methods. Several techniques are in experimental stages to detect early-stage glaucoma, but a definite diagnostic technique remains elusive. The detection technique involves the identification of patterns from the retinal images that are often overlooked by clinicians. The proposed approach uses the gray channels of fundus images and applies the data augmentation technique to create a large dataset of versatile fundus images to train the convolutional neural network model. Using the ResNet-50 architecture, the proposed approach achieved excellent results for detecting glaucoma on the G1020, RIM-ONE, ORIGA, and DRISHTI-GS datasets. Researchers obtained a detection accuracy of 98.48%, a sensitivity of 99.30%, a specificity of 96.52%, an AUC of 97%, and an F1-score of 98% by using the proposed model on the G1020 dataset. The proposed model may help clinicians to diagnose early-stage glaucoma with very high accuracy for timely interventions.
  • 473
  • 25 May 2023
Topic Review
Gallbladder Diseases
The gallbladder (GB) is a tiny pouch and a hollow organ located beneath the liver. Its primary role is to temporarily store bile. Bile is a fluid formed by the liver, which is used to aid digestion.  
  • 286
  • 25 May 2023
Topic Review
Blockchain and Machine Learning
Blockchain is the foundation of all cryptocurrencies, while machine learning (ML) is one of the most popular technologies with a wide range of possibilities. Blockchain may be improved and made more effective by using ML.
  • 283
  • 25 May 2023
Topic Review
Deep Learning Approaches for Wildfires Using Satellite Data
Wildland fires are one of the most dangerous natural risks, causing significant economic damage and loss of lives worldwide. Every year, millions of hectares are lost, and experts warn that the frequency and severity of wildfires will increase in the coming years due to climate change. To mitigate these hazards, numerous deep learning models were developed to detect and map wildland fires, estimate their severity, and predict their spread. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of recent deep learning techniques for detecting, mapping, and predicting wildland fires using satellite remote sensing data. We begin by introducing remote sensing satellite systems and their use in wildfire monitoring. Next, we review the deep learning methods employed for these tasks, including fire detection and mapping, severity estimation, and spread prediction. We further present the popular datasets used in these studies. Finally, we address the challenges faced by these models to accurately predict wildfire behaviors, and suggest future directions for developing reliable and robust wildland fire models.
  • 489
  • 24 May 2023
Topic Review
Arbitrary-Oriented Object Detection in Aerial Images
Objects in aerial images often have arbitrary orientations and variable shapes and sizes. As a result, accurate and robust object detection in aerial images is a challenging problem. 
  • 375
  • 24 May 2023
Topic Review
Transformers in Natural Language Processing Applications
The field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) has undergone a significant transformation with the introduction of Transformers. From the first introduction of this technology in 2017, the use of transformers has become widespread and has had a profound impact on the field of NLP.
  • 585
  • 24 May 2023
Topic Review
Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images
As a necessary technical means, reversible data hiding in encrypted images (RDH-EIs) provides superior performance in terms of security. To simultaneously improve the effectiveness of RDH-EIs, the researchers proposed a mixed multi-bit layer embedding strategy in encrypted images.
  • 302
  • 24 May 2023
Topic Review
Noise Removal Filter for LiDAR Point Clouds
Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is a critical sensor for autonomous vehicle systems, providing high-resolution distance measurements in real-time. However, adverse weather conditions such as snow, rain, fog, and sun glare can affect LiDAR performance, requiring data preprocessing.
  • 1.3K
  • 24 May 2023
Topic Review
Collaboration Skills in Educational Robotics
Educational robotics is a promising educational tool that has the potential to become a platform for the development of a range of skills. There is a scarce amount of empirical case studies that present detailed information on the way it is implemented within formal primary school education. On the other hand, even though collaboration skills are considered vital for future school graduates, it is rarely discussed as the main focus of educational robotics. Most commonly collaboration or teamwork skills are viewed as a byproduct of the robotics activities.
  • 258
  • 23 May 2023
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