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Topic Review
History and Implementations of ZFS
The history and implementations of ZFS covers the development of the ZFS file system. ZFS began as part of the Sun Microsystems Solaris operating system in 2001. Large parts of Solaris - including ZFS - were published under an open source license as OpenSolaris for around 5 years from 2005, before being placed under a closed source license when Oracle Corporation acquired Sun in 2009/2010. During 2005 - 2010, the open source version of ZFS was ported to Linux, Mac OS X (continued as MacZFS) and FreeBSD. In 2010, the illumos project forked a recent version of OpenSolaris, to continue its development as an open source project, including ZFS. In 2013 the co-ordination of open source ZFS moved to an umbrella organization, OpenZFS, which allowed any person or organization that wished to use the open source version of ZFS, to collaborate in developing and maintaining a single common version of ZFS. illumos remains very closely involved with OpenZFS. As of 2018, there are two main implementations of ZFS, both quite similar: Oracle's implementation, which is closed source and part of Solaris, and OpenZFS, which is widely used to provide ZFS on many unix-like operating systems.
  • 1.3K
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Geary
Geary is a free and open-source email client written in Vala, which is based on WebKitGTK+. Although since adopted by the GNOME project, the project originally was developed by the Yorba Foundation. The purpose of this e-mail client, according to Adam Dingle, Yorba founder, was to bring back users from online webmails to a faster and easier to use desktop application. Pantheon Mail is a fork initiated by the Elementary OS community after the demise of Yorba.
  • 440
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
ACID (Computer Science)
In computer science, ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) is a set of properties of database transactions intended to guarantee validity even in the event of errors, power failures, etc. In the context of databases, a sequence of database operations that satisfies the ACID properties (and these can be perceived as a single logical operation on the data) is called a transaction. For example, a transfer of funds from one bank account to another, even involving multiple changes such as debiting one account and crediting another, is a single transaction. In 1983, Andreas Reuter and Theo Härder coined the acronym ACID as shorthand for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability, building on earlier work by Jim Gray who enumerated Atomicity, Consistency, and Durability but left out Isolation when characterizing the transaction concept. These four properties describe the major guarantees of the transaction paradigm, which has influenced many aspects of development in database systems. According to Gray and Reuter, IMS supported ACID transactions as early as 1973 (although the term ACID came later).
  • 1.0K
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Decimation (Signal Processing)
In digital signal processing, decimation is the process of reducing the sampling rate of a signal.  The term downsampling usually refers to one step of the process, but sometimes the terms are used interchangeably.  Complementary to upsampling, which increases sampling rate, decimation is a specific case of sample rate conversion in a multi-rate digital signal processing system. A system component that performs decimation is called a decimator. When decimation is performed on a sequence of samples of a signal or other continuous function, it produces an approximation of the sequence that would have been obtained by sampling the signal at a lower rate (or density, as in the case of a photograph). The decimation factor is usually an integer or a rational fraction greater than one. This factor multiplies the sampling interval or, equivalently, divides the sampling rate. For example, if compact disc audio at 44,100 samples/second is decimated by a factor of 5/4, the resulting sample rate is 35,280.
  • 9.8K
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
SIMD
Single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) is a type of parallel processing in Flynn's taxonomy. SIMD can be internal (part of the hardware design) and it can be directly accessible through an instruction set architecture (ISA): it should not be confused with an ISA. SIMD describes computers with multiple processing elements that perform the same operation on multiple data points simultaneously. Such machines exploit data level parallelism, but not concurrency: there are simultaneous (parallel) computations, but each unit performs the exact same instruction at any given moment (just with different data). SIMD is particularly applicable to common tasks such as adjusting the contrast in a digital image or adjusting the volume of digital audio. Most modern CPU designs include SIMD instructions to improve the performance of multimedia use. SIMD has three different subcategories in Flynn's 1972 Taxonomy, one of which is SIMT. SIMT should not be confused with software threads or hardware threads, both of which are task time-sharing (time-slicing). SIMT is true simultaneous parallel hardware-level execution.
  • 687
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Healthcare Services Specification Project
The Healthcare Services Specification Project (HSSP) is a standards development effort to create health industry service-oriented architecture (SOA) standards supportive of the health care market sector. HSSP is a jointly sponsored activity operating within the Health Level Seven (HL7) and the Object Management Group (OMG) standards group. Formally beginning as a collaboration between the HL7 Service-oriented Architecture Special Interest Group and the OMG Healthcare Domain Task Force, HSSP is developing healthcare middleware standards addressing interoperability challenges. The activity is an effort to create common “service interface specifications” that ultimately can be tractable within a Health IT context. The stated objective of the HSSP project is to create useful, usable healthcare standards that define the functions, semantics, and technology bindings supportive of system-level interoperability. To the extent possible, HSSP specifications complement existing work and standards. A key tenet to the HSSP approach is to focus on practical needs, capitalizing on open industry participation and maximizing contributions from industry talent interested in engaging.
  • 458
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
DIBR Distortion Mask Prediction Using Synthetic Images
Deep learning-based image quality enhancement models have been proposed to improve the perceptual quality of distorted synthesized views impaired by compression and the Depth Image-Based Rendering (DIBR) process in a multi-view video system. Due to the lack of Multi-view Video plus Depth (MVD) data, a deep learning-based model using more synthetic Synthesized View Images (SVI) is proposed, in which a random irregular polygon-based SVI synthesis method is proposed to simulate the DIBR distortion based on existing massive RGB/RGBD data. In addition, the DIBR distortion mask prediction network is embedded to further enhance the performance.
  • 497
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Historia Animalium (Gessner)
Historia animalium ("History of the Animals"), published at Zurich in 1551–58 and 1587, is an encyclopedic "inventory of renaissance zoology" by Conrad Gessner (1516–1565). Gessner was a medical doctor and professor at the Carolinum in Zürich, the precursor of the University of Zurich. The Historia animalium is the first modern zoological work that attempts to describe all the animals known, and the first bibliography of natural history writings. The five volumes of natural history of animals cover more than 4500 pages.
  • 1.7K
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Nirvana
Nirvana was virtual object storage software developed and maintained by General Atomics. It can also be described as metadata, data placement and data management software that lets organizations manage unstructured data on multiple storage devices located anywhere in the world in order to orchestrate global data intensive workflows, and search for and locate data no matter where it is located or when it was created. Nirvana does this by capturing system and user-defined metadata to enable detailed search and enact policies to control data movement and protection. Nirvana also maintains data provenance, audit, security and access control. Nirvana can reduce storage costs by identifying data to be moved to lower cost storage and data that no longer needs to be stored.
  • 593
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
(ε, δ)-Definition of Limit
In calculus, the (ε, δ)-definition of limit ("epsilon–delta definition of limit") is a formalization of the notion of limit. The concept is due to Augustin-Louis Cauchy, who never gave a formal (ε, δ) definition of limit in his Cours d'Analyse, but occasionally used ε, δ arguments in proofs. It was first given as a formal definition by Bernard Bolzano in 1817, and the definitive modern statement was ultimately provided by Karl Weierstrass. It provides rigor to the following informal notion: the dependent expression f(x) approaches the value L as the variable x approaches the value c if f(x) can be made as close as desired to L by taking x sufficiently close to c.
  • 2.2K
  • 22 Nov 2022
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