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Topic Review
Home-Based Devices for Detecting Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a respiratory disorder characterized by frequent breathing pauses during sleep. The apnea–hypopnea index is a measure used to assess the severity of sleep apnea and the hourly rate of respiratory events. Despite numerous commercial devices available for apnea diagnosis and early detection, accessibility remains challenging for the general population, leading to lengthy wait times in sleep clinics. Consequently, research on monitoring and predicting OSA has surged. 
  • 231
  • 20 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Inpainting Methods
Image inpainting is sometimes called an inverse problem, and usually these types of problems are ill-posed. The problem of inpainting consists in finding the best approximation to fill in the region inside the source image and comparing it with the ground truth. All the algorithms that tackle this problem begin with the assumption that there must be some correlation between the pixels present inside the image, either from a statistical or from a geometrical perspective.
  • 151
  • 20 Feb 2024
Topic Review
AI for Addressing Algorithmic Bias in Job Hiring
More businesses are using artificial intelligence (AI) in curriculum vitae (CV) screening. While the move improves efficiency in the recruitment process, it is vulnerable to biases, which have adverse effects on organizations and the broader society. It recommends the need for collaboration between machines and humans to enhance the fairness of the hiring process. The results can help AI developers make algorithmic changes needed to enhance fairness in AI-driven tools. This will enable the development of ethical hiring tools, contributing to fairness in society.
  • 350
  • 20 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Security and Privacy of Technologies in HISs
Health information systems (HISs) have immense value for healthcare institutions, as they provide secure storage, efficient retrieval, insightful analysis, seamless exchange, and collaborative sharing of patient health information. HISs are implemented to meet patient needs, as well as to ensure the security and privacy of medical data, including confidentiality, integrity, and availability, which are necessary to achieve high-quality healthcare services.
  • 242
  • 19 Feb 2024
Topic Review
AI-Supported Programming Tasks
AI-assisted programming or development is defined as the utilization of machine learning models trained on the vast amount of available source code. Its purpose is to support various aspects of programming and, more broadly, software engineering implementation tasks. 
  • 175
  • 19 Feb 2024
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Optimisation of Small-Scale Aquaponics Systems Using Artificial Intelligence and the IoT: Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities
Environment changes, water scarcity, soil depletion, and urbanisation are making it harder to produce food using traditional methods in various regions and countries. Aquaponics is emerging as a sustainable food production system that produces fish and plants in a closed-loop system. Aquaponics is not dependent on soil or external environmental factors. It uses fish waste to fertilise plants and can save up to 90–95% water. Aquaponics is an innovative system for growing food and is expected to be very promising, but it has its challenges. It is a complex ecosystem that requires multidisciplinary knowledge, proper monitoring of all crucial parameters, and high maintenance and initial investment costs to build the system. Artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) are key technologies that can overcome these challenges. Numerous recent studies focus on the use of AI and the IoT to automate the process, improve efficiency and reliability, provide better management, and reduce operating costs. However, these studies often focus on limited aspects of the system, each considering different domains and parameters of the aquaponics system. This paper aims to consolidate the existing work, identify the state-of-the-art use of the IoT and AI, explore the key parameters affecting growth, analyse the sensing and communication technologies employed, highlight the research gaps in this field, and suggest future research directions. Based on the reviewed research, energy efficiency and economic viability were found to be a major bottleneck of current systems. Moreover, inconsistencies in sensor selection, lack of publicly available data, and the reproducibility of existing work were common issues among the studies.
  • 381
  • 19 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Deep Learning Approach for Lung Cancer Diagnosis
Deep learning has emerged as a powerful tool for medical image analysis and diagnosis, demonstrating high performance on tasks such as cancer detection. As deep learning techniques continue to revolutionize the field of medical imaging, researchers have increasingly turned to large-scale databases to train and validate their algorithms. Many studies have been done to diagnose lung cancer using different datasets, both public and private. Each dataset has its own unique characteristics and challenges.
  • 287
  • 18 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Digital Twins in the Software Industry
Digital twins are a powerful consequence of digital transformation. In fact, they have been applied to many industries to enhance operations, predict needs, improve decision making, or optimize performance, even though the definition of digital twins is still evolving. Digital twins are already influencing and will significantly affect the software industry, revolutionizing various aspects of the software development lifecycle. 
  • 316
  • 18 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Commit Representations for JIT Vulnerability Prediction
Software systems are becoming increasingly complex and interdependent, with thousands of lines of code being added and modified daily. As a result, software vulnerabilities are becoming more prevalent and pose a significant threat to the security and reliability of software systems. With the evolution of software systems, their size and complexity are rising rapidly. Identifying vulnerabilities as early as possible is crucial for ensuring high software quality and security. Just-in-time (JIT) vulnerability prediction, which aims to find vulnerabilities at the time of commit, has increasingly become a focus of attention. 
  • 139
  • 18 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Dynamic Feedback-Driven Learning Optimization Framework
A novel approach named the Dynamic Feedback-Driven Learning Optimization Framework (DFDLOF), aimed at personalizing educational pathways through machine learning technology.
  • 195
  • 18 Feb 2024
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