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Topic Review
Convolutional Neural Networks for Image Classification
Convolutional neural networks learn directly from data and are widely used for image recognition and classification. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been considered one of the best machine learning algorithms to analyze grid-like structured data, such as images. 
  • 352
  • 07 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Abstractive vs. Extractive Summarization
Due to the huge and continuously growing size of the textual corpora existing on the Internet, important information may go unnoticed or become lost. At the same time, the task of summarizing these resources by human experts is tedious and time consuming. This necessitates the automation of the task. Natural language processing (NLP) is a multidisciplinary research field, merging aspects and approaches from computer science, artificial intelligence and linguistics; it deals with the development of processes that semantically and efficiently analyze vast amounts of textual data. Text summarization (TS) is a fundamental NLP subtask, which has been defined as the process of the automatic creation of a concise and fluent summary that captures the main ideas and topics of one or multiple documents.
  • 742
  • 07 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Arabic Optical Character Recognition Challenges
When it is necessary to store or edit a text written by hand in Arabic, this can only be performed manually, which can take significant time. However, fortunately, optical character recognition can be applied for this particular case. Optical character recognition (OCR) is a technique that is used to read and recognize the text present in an image and then convert it into a textual format. Once the text is extracted and digitized, it can utilize the applications of storing, retrieving, searching, and editing. Here, researchers shed light on the challenges accompanying OCR in general, then narrow it down to the case of Arabic OCR.
  • 687
  • 07 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Topology Designs for Data Centers
The adoption of simple network topologies allows for an easier way to forward packets. On the other hand, more complex topologies may achieve greater performance, although network maintenance may become harder. Hence, a balance between performance and simplicity is a convenient point when choosing a data center design. Therefore, some topology designs for data centers are going to be proposed; these are classified into tree-like and graph-like architectures. With respect to the former, a hierarchical switching layout interconnects all nodes, thus showing the form of an inverted tree within multiple roots, where nodes are the leaves of such a tree. Regarding the latter, nodes are directly interconnected to each other, hence no switch is involved in the design.
  • 411
  • 07 Jul 2023
Topic Review
User-Based Testing with Users with Disabilities
Human-centered design (HCD) “is an approach to interactive systems development that aims to make systems usable and useful by focusing on the users, their needs and requirements, and by applying human factors/ergonomics, and usability knowledge and techniques“. Developing usable and accessible solutions demands conducting usability testing, also called user-based testing, in which users perform real tasks with a prototype or a real system, usually using one or more specific User Interfaces (UIs). A comprehensive understanding of the challenges users face when using solutions, especially when developing accessible solutions, requires including real users with disabilities in user-based testing. An inclusive HCD approach enables the detection and addressing of real problems and barriers experienced by users with disabilities, ultimately improving usability and accessibility based on their valuable feedback. Involving users with disabilities in user-based testing, on the other hand, requires adequate planning and execution of testing considering the different capabilities and limitations of users with disabilities.
  • 326
  • 06 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Evaluation Criteria for Tools Supporting Remote Work
The pandemic period has made remote work a reality in many organizations. Despite the possible negative aspects of this form of work, many employers and employees appreciate its flexibility and effectiveness. Therefore, employers are looking for the most optimal tools to support this form of work. However, this may be difficult due to their complexity, different functionality, or different conditions of the company’s operations. Decisions on the choice of a given solution are usually made in a group of decision makers. Often their subjective assessments differ from each other, making it even more difficult to make a decision. 
  • 387
  • 06 Jul 2023
Topic Review
3D Measurement of High-Reflective Surfaces
The reflection phenomenon exhibited by highly reflective surfaces considerably affects the quality of captured images, thereby rendering the task of structured light (SL) 3D reconstruction.
  • 354
  • 06 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Mitigating Technological Anxiety in Mixed Reality Systems
Mixed Reality (MR), a term first introduced in 1994, combines the physical and digital worlds, with Augmented Reality (AR) being the most well-known example. Unlike Virtual Reality (VR), which creates a virtual environment that completely isolates users from the real world, MR blends virtual and physical realms, blurring the boundaries between them.
  • 295
  • 05 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Multilevel Distribution Propagation Network
A two-stage framework based on the distribution propagation graph neural network (DPGN) called the multilevel distribution propagation network (MDPN). An instance-segmentation-based object localization (ISOL) module and a graph-based multilevel distribution propagation (GMDP) module are both included in the MDPN.
  • 343
  • 05 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Methods and Algorithms for Crop-Row Detection
Crop row detection is one of the foundational and pivotal technologies of agricultural robots and autonomous vehicles for navigation, guidance, path planning, and automated farming in row crop fields. However, due to a complex and dynamic agricultural environment, crop row detection remains a challenging task. The surrounding background, such as weeds, trees, and stones, can interfere with crop appearance and increase the difficulty of detection. The detection accuracy of crop rows is also impacted by different growth stages, environmental conditions, curves, and occlusion. Therefore, appropriate sensors and multiple adaptable models are required to achieve high-precision crop row detection. 
  • 942
  • 05 Jul 2023
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