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Topic Review
The Robustness of Machine Learning in Network Security
Utilizing machine learning (ML) based methodologies for Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs) engenders valid concerns, primarily stemming from the inherent vulnerabilities of current ML models to various security threats.
  • 413
  • 08 Nov 2023
Topic Review
A Promising Downsampling Alternative in a Neural Network
Downsampling, which aims to improve computational efficiency by reducing the spatial resolution of feature maps, is a critical operation in neural networks. Upsampling also plays an important role in neural networks. It is often used for image super-resolution, segmentation, and generation tasks via the reconstruction of high-resolution feature maps during the decoding stage in the neural network.
  • 413
  • 04 Dec 2023
Topic Review
FabLab
The fast expansion of digital culture has fostered the creation of makerspaces such as fabrication laboratories (FabLabs) that, thanks to their flexibility and their use of open source tools, strengthen the sense of community and produce true transformations within those communities. Fabrication laboratories (FabLabs) are an integral part of “communities and spaces with more or less open to the public levels, with objectives and targets agreed by its members in which, through learning processes, production, prototyping, design, and manufacturing, both tangible and intangible assets, complex two-way exchanges of information are produced, knowledge, technology, skills and resources among users, users and society and between users and industry” that constitute the new wave of collaborative ecologies into which elements such as makerspaces, hackerspaces, living-labs or co-workings also fall, highlighted by its origin and its capacity as an international organization. A FabLab is a strong social space offering affordable and accessible manufactured tools and is sometimes conceived as an appropriate platform to begin the prototyping and development processes of any object. They emerged in the 2000s at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) from Professor Neil Gershenfeld’s subject, called “How to Make (Almost) Anything”. Thanks to the creation of this first FabLab, Professor Gershenfeld’s students could realize their designs, popularizing digital manufacturing and making the subject successful.
  • 412
  • 06 May 2022
Topic Review
Intelligent Virtual Agents
The use of intelligent virtual agents (IVA) to support humans in social contexts will depend on their social acceptability. Acceptance will be related to the human’s perception of the IVAs as well as the IVAs’ ability to respond and adapt their conversation appropriately to the human. Adaptation implies computer-generated speech (synthetic speech), such as text-to-speech (TTS).
  • 412
  • 08 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Frame Technology (Software Engineering)
Frame technology (FT) is a language-neutral (i.e., processes various languages) system that manufactures custom software from reusable, machine-adaptable building blocks, called frames. FT is used to reduce the time, effort, and errors involved in the design, construction, and evolution of large, complex software systems. Fundamental to FT is its ability to stop the proliferation of similar but subtly different components, an issue plaguing software engineering, for which programming language constructs (subroutines, classes, or templates/generics) or add-in techniques such as macros and generators failed to provide a practical, scalable solution. A number of implementations of FT exist. Netron Fusion specializes in constructing business software and is proprietary. ART (Adaptive Reuse Technology) is a general-purpose, open-source implementation of FT. Paul G. Bassett invented the first FT in order to automate the repetitive, error-prone editing involved in adapting (generated and hand-written) programs to changing requirements and contexts. A substantial literature now exists that explains how FT can facilitate most aspects of software's life-cycle, including domain modeling, requirements gathering, architecture and design, construction, testing, documentation, fine tuning and evolution. Independent comparisons of FT to alternative approaches confirm that the time and resources needed to build and maintain complex systems can be substantially reduced. One reason: FT shields programmers from software's inherent redundancies: FT has reproduced COTS object-libraries from equivalent XVCL frame libraries that are two-thirds smaller and simpler; custom business applications are routinely specified and maintained by Netron FusionSPC frames that are 5% – 15% of the size of their assembled source files.
  • 412
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Trust Computation in Internet of Vehicles
The current trust computation scheme in Internet of Vehicles, according to the adopted decision logic, can be divided into different approaches based on multi-weight fusion, Bayesian inference (BI), the Dempster–Shafer (D-S) theory, fuzzy logic, and three-valued subjective logic (3VSL), etc.
  • 412
  • 05 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Deep Learning Approaches for Distance Estimation
Visual impairment (VI) is a significant public health concern that affects people of all ages and is caused by a range of factors, including age-related eye diseases, genetic disorders, injuries, and infections. Therefore, governments of different countries are attempting to design various assistive living facilities for individuals with visual impairments. Machine learning techniques have greatly improved object recognition accuracy in computer vision [8]. This has led to the development of sophisticated models that can recognize objects in complex environments. 
  • 412
  • 16 Oct 2023
Topic Review
SBGTool v2.0: An Empirical Study
SBGTool v2.0 differs from SBGTool due to design changes made in response to teacher suggestions, the addition of sorting options to the dashboard table, the addition of a dropdown component to group the students into classrooms, and improvement in some visualizations. By applying SBGTool v2.0, teachers may compare the outcomes of individual students inside a classroom, determine which subjects are the most and least difficult over the period of a week or an academic year, identify the numbers of correct and incorrect responses for the most difficult and easiest subjects, categorize students into various groups based on their learning outcomes, discover the week with the most interactions for examining students’ engagement, and find the relationship between students’ activity and study success. 
  • 411
  • 08 Aug 2022
Topic Review
TScript
TScript is an object-oriented embeddable scripting language for C++ that supports hierarchical transient typed variables (TVariable). Its main design criterion is to create a scripting language that can interface with C++, transforming data and returning the result. This enables C++ applications to change their functionality after installation.
  • 411
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Grand Central Dispatch
Grand Central Dispatch (GCD or libdispatch), is a technology developed by Apple Inc. to optimize application support for systems with multi-core processors and other symmetric multiprocessing systems. It is an implementation of task parallelism based on the thread pool pattern. The fundamental idea is to move the management of the thread pool out of the hands of the developer, and closer to the operating system. The developer injects "work packages" into the pool oblivious of the pool's architecture. This model improves simplicity, portability and performance. GCD was first released with Mac OS X 10.6, and is also available with iOS 4 and above. The name "Grand Central Dispatch" is a reference to Grand Central Terminal. The source code for the library that provides the implementation of GCD's services, libdispatch, was released by Apple under the Apache License on September 10, 2009. It has been ported to FreeBSD 8.1+, MidnightBSD 0.3+, Linux, and Solaris. Attempts in 2011 to make libdispatch work on Windows were not merged into upstream. Apple has its own port of libdispatch.dll for Windows shipped with Safari and iTunes, but no SDK is provided. Since around 2017, the original libdispatch repository hosted by Nick Hutchinson was deprecated in favor of a version that is part of the Swift core library created in June 2016. The new version supports more platforms, notably including Windows.
  • 411
  • 04 Nov 2022
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