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Topic Review
Mental Fatigue Detection Using Physiological Signals
Fatigue is a state characterized by both physical and mental exhaustion, resulting from prolonged activity, inadequate rest, or excessive cognitive demands. Physiological signals offer a valuable insight into the body’s internal state. Monitoring and interpreting these signals provide real-time information about an individual’s physical and mental condition, enabling early fatigue detection. 
  • 454
  • 10 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Dance Dance Revolution S
Dance Dance Revolution S (ダンスダンスレボリューションS, Dansu Dansu Reboryūshon Esu), commonly abbreviated as DDR S, is a rhythm game by Konami available for the iOS, as part of the company's Dance Dance Revolution series of music video games. Announced by Konami in January 2009, the game was made available via Apple's App Store in Japan on February 27, 2009. It was later made available in the United States and Europe on March 5, 2009 and May 14, 2009 respectively. While gameplay is very similar to other Dance Dance Revolution titles, a new mode dubbed "Shake Mode" is available in which players are able to shake their device in certain directions to the rhythm of the music.
  • 453
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Application of Artificial Intelligence in a Cephalometric Analysis
The application of artificial intelligence (AI) has become more and more widespread in medicine and dentistry. It may contribute to improved quality of health care as diagnostic methods are getting more accurate and diagnostic errors are rarer in daily medical practice. The accuracy of determining cephalometric landmarks using widely available commercial AI-based software and advanced AI algorithms was presented. Most AI algorithms used for the automated positioning of landmarks on cephalometric radiographs had relatively high accuracy. At the same time, the effectiveness of using AI in cephalometry varies depending on the algorithm or the application type, which has to be accounted for during the interpretation of the results.
  • 453
  • 15 Aug 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Security of Programmable Logic Controllers in Industrial Control Systems
One key role in industrial control systems (ICSs) is known as Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). However, with the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), PLCs have become exposed to an increasing number of attacks, which may cause malfunctions of the whole ICS. Thus, it is necessary to identify potential attacks on PLCs and propose effective solutions to mitigate them. Unfortunately, to date, there have not been significant efforts made to provide a detailed overview of existing works on PLC security. With such a concern in mind, in this paper, we focus on summarising PLC security from different components running at different layers of a PLC architecture. We first review the framework of PLCs; then, we discuss several models when considering PLC security. After that, we provide an overview of existing attacks on PLCs and general solutions to those issues from different perspectives. Lastly, we conclude this paper with an overview of future research areas in PLC security.
  • 453
  • 05 Jun 2024
Topic Review
Global Trends in Cancer Nanotechnology
This study presents a new way to investigate comprehensive trends in cancer nanotechnology research in different countries, institutions, and journals providing critical insights to prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. This paper applies the qualitative method of bibliometric analysis on cancer nanotechnology using the PubMed database during the years 2000-2021. Inspired by hybrid medical models and content-based and bibliometric features for machine learning models, our results show cancer nanotechnology studies have expanded exponentially since 2010. The highest production of articles in cancer nanotechnology is mainly from US institutions, with several countries notably the USA, China, UK, India, and Iran as concentrated focal points as centers of cancer nanotechnology research, especially in the last five years. The analysis shows the greatest overlap between nanotechnology and DNA, RNA, iron oxide or mesoporous silica, breast cancer, and cancer diagnosis and cancer treatment. Moreover, more than 50% of information related to the keywords, authors, institutions, journals, and countries are considerably investigated in the form of publications from the top 100 journals. This study has the potentials to provide past and current lines of research that can unmask comprehensive trends in cancer nanotechnology, key research topics, or pmost productive countries and authors in the field.
  • 452
  • 10 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Domain Name System-based Blackhole List
A Domain Name System-based blackhole list, Domain Name System blacklist (DNSBL) or real-time blackhole list (RBL) is a service for operation of mail servers to perform a check via a Domain Name System (DNS) query whether a sending host's IP address is blacklisted for email spam. Most mail server software can be configured to check such lists, typically rejecting or flagging messages from such sites. A DNSBL is a software mechanism, rather than a specific list or policy. Dozens of DNSBLs exist. They use a wide array of criteria for listing and delisting addresses. These may include listing the addresses of zombie computers or other machines being used to send spam, Internet service providers (ISPs) who willingly host spammers, or those which have sent spam to a honeypot system. Since the creation of the first DNSBL in 1998, the operation and policies of these lists have frequently been controversial, both in Internet advocacy circles and occasionally in lawsuits. Many email systems operators and users consider DNSBLs a valuable tool to share information about sources of spam, but others including some prominent Internet activists have objected to them as a form of censorship. In addition, a small number of DNSBL operators have been the target of lawsuits filed by spammers seeking to have the lists shut down.
  • 452
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Chaotic Intermittency
Chaotic intermittency is characterized by a signal that alternates aleatory between long regular (pseudo-laminar) phases and irregular bursts (pseudo-turbulent or chaotic phases).
  • 452
  • 16 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Classification of Sleep Stages Using Telemetry Polysomnography
Accurate sleep stage detection is crucial for diagnosing sleep disorders and tailoring treatment plans. Polysomnography (PSG) is considered the gold standard for sleep assessment as it captures diverse physiological signals. Recent advancements have shown that simpler machine learning models, when coupled with sophisticated feature extraction techniques, can yield accurate and reliable results comparable to those achieved by complex deep learning methods. These simpler models not only reduce the computational burden but also offer greater interpretability, a feature that is highly valued in clinical settings for both diagnostic and treatment purposes. Therefore, integrating simpler machine learning algorithms with advanced feature extraction can serve as an effective and efficient approach for sleep stage classification in research and clinical applications.
  • 452
  • 25 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Applications of Underwater Target Detection and Recognition Technology
Underwater turbid area target detection and identification technologies are used in a wide range of applications, including the detection of underwater organisms and underwater equipment. The need for productivity and automation in the aquaculture industry has given rise to technologies for the detection of underwater organisms, including fishes and sea cucumbers and shrimps, crabs, and scallops. This technology’s aim is to achieve automated identification of the species, numbers, health status, and behavior patterns of underwater organisms. The detection of coral reefs has also been extensively studied due to the need for ecological monitoring. In addition, some underwater environments require habitat mapping and mineral identification. The inspection of underwater equipment includes many aspects, such as cables, pipes, hull corrosion, cracks, and welds.
  • 451
  • 10 May 2023
Topic Review
Hyperledger
Internet of things (IoT) systems based on blockchain have significant shortcomings in terms of scalability, flexibility, robustness, and privacy. To address these issues, Hyperledger is considered as an ideal technology and attracted a lot of attention. In addition to having the general characteristics of blockchain, Hyperledger achieves new empowerment in four aspects: security, interoperability, consensus, and performance.
  • 451
  • 19 Aug 2022
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