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Topic Review
Lieb–Oxford Inequality
In quantum chemistry and physics, the Lieb–Oxford inequality provides a lower bound for the indirect part of the Coulomb energy of a quantum mechanical system. It is named after Elliott H. Lieb and Stephen Oxford. The inequality is of importance for density functional theory and plays a role in the proof of stability of matter.
  • 558
  • 05 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Neural Network and Imformation Uses
Recurrent Neural Networks are powerful machine learning frameworks that allow for data to be saved and referenced in a temporal sequence. This opens many new possibilities in fields such as handwriting analysis and speech recognition. This paper seeks to explore current research being conducted on RNNs in four very important areas, being biometric authentication, expression recognition, anomaly detection, and applications to aircraft.
  • 557
  • 06 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Agrippa (A Book of the Dead)
Agrippa (A Book of the Dead) is a work of art created by science fiction novelist William Gibson, artist Dennis Ashbaugh and publisher Kevin Begos Jr. in 1992. The work consists of a 300-line semi-autobiographical electronic poem by Gibson, embedded in an artist's book by Ashbaugh. Gibson's text focused on the ethereal, human-owed nature of memories retained over the passage of time (the title referred to a Kodak photo album from which the text's memories are taken). Its principal notoriety arose from the fact that the poem, stored on a 3.5" floppy disk, was programmed to encrypt itself after a single use; similarly, the pages of the artist's book were treated with photosensitive chemicals, effecting the gradual fading of the words and images from the book's first exposure to light.
  • 557
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence and Radiomics Techniques
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary hepatic neoplasm. Thanks to recent advances in computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), there is potential to improve detection, segmentation, discrimination from HCC mimics, and monitoring of therapeutic response. Radiomics, artificial intelligence (AI), and derived tools have already been applied in other areas of diagnostic imaging with promising results. 
  • 556
  • 30 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Challenges According to the ‘7Vs’ of Big Data
Big Data has challenges that sometimes are the same as its own characteristics. These characteristics are known as the Vs. The researchers describe ‘7Vs’ that they have found and are the most used and more related to general data used in Big Data, including an explanation and challenges that exist according to them. Some of them have different subtypes according to the differences detected in the literature and working with them. Some authors create a different V for similar purposes, and here, the researcher gather them into one due to the similarities.
  • 556
  • 12 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Approaches for Flow-Shop Scheduling Problems
Flow-shop scheduling problems are classic examples of multi-resource and multi-operation scheduling problems where the objective is to minimize the makespan. Because of the high complexity and intractability of the problem, apart from some exceptional cases, there are no explicit algorithms for finding the optimal permutation in multi-machine environments. 
  • 556
  • 13 Sep 2023
Topic Review
RAFI: Robust Authentication Framework for IoT-Based RFID Infrastructure
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a future trend that uses the Internet to connect a variety of physical things with the cyber world. IoT technology is rapidly evolving, and it will soon have a significant impact on our daily lives. While the growing number of linked IoT devices makes our daily lives easier, it also puts our personal data at risk. In IoT applications, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) helps in the automatic identification of linked devices, and the dataflow of the system forms a symmetry in communication between the tags and the readers. However, the security and privacy of RFID-tag-connected devices are the key concerns. The communication link is thought to be wireless or insecure, making the RFID system open to several known threats.
  • 555
  • 23 May 2022
Topic Review
Balanced Learning for Road Crack Segmentation
Road crack segmentation based on high-resolution images is an important task in road service maintenance. The undamaged road surface area is much larger than the damaged area on a highway. This imbalanced situation yields poor road crack segmentation performance for convolutional neural networks.
  • 555
  • 22 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Palatine Lion
The Palatine Lion (German: Pfälzer Löwe), less commonly the Palatinate Lion, is an heraldic charge (see also: heraldic lions). It was originally part of the family coat of arms of the House of Wittelsbach and is found today on many coats of arms of municipalities, counties and regions in South Germany and the Austrian Innviertel.
  • 555
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Spark Streaming Backpressure for Data-Intensive Pipelines
A significant rise in the adoption of streaming applications has changed the decision-making processes in the last decade. This movement has led to the emergence of several Big Data technologies for in-memory processing, such as the systems Apache Storm, Spark, Heron, Samza, Flink, and others. Spark Streaming, a widespread open-source implementation, processes data-intensive applications that often require large amounts of memory. However, Spark Unified Memory Manager cannot properly manage sudden or intensive data surges and their related in-memory caching needs, resulting in performance and throughput degradation, high latency, a large number of garbage collection operations, out-of-memory issues,  and data loss. This work presents a comprehensive performance evaluation of Spark Streaming backpressure to investigate the hypothesis that it could support data-intensive pipelines under specific pressure requirements.  The results reveal that backpressure is suitable only for small and medium pipelines for stateless and stateful applications. Furthermore, it points out the Spark Streaming limitations that lead to in-memory-based issues for data-intensive pipelines and stateful applications. In addition, the work indicates potential solutions.
  • 554
  • 19 Jul 2022
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