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Topic Review
Business Incubators, Accelerators, and Performance of Technology-Based Ventures
Considering the turbulence existent in the entrepreneurial process of creation, survival, the management of new technology based ventures, and the increasingly important role played by both business incubators (BI) and business accelerators (BA), there is a need to better understand the portfolio of services supplied by this type of support structures and the needs of the companies that demand for a set of diversified services, which are not easily represented and typified in the reference literature.
  • 758
  • 01 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Smart manufacturing, an advanced form of traditional manufacturing
Traditional manufacturing is an industrial process that converts materials into a finished product using a labor-intensive low-end operation, low precision, average resource utilization and efficiency for economic value.
  • 4.6K
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Risk-Acceptance Criteria
The utilization of risk acceptance criteria (RAC) can help a business to judge whether the risk level concerning any process involved in its working environment is acceptable or not, especially when the risk has a significant societal impact.
  • 6.3K
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Lean Six Sigma Impact Analysis on Sustainability
Many world-class manufacturing companies use the concept of lean (L) as an improvement method. Its objectives are eliminating waste and non-value activities in production processes, cost reduction, and achieving faster service with less human effort, time, and equipment by applying tools and techniques that fulfill these objectives. Six Sigma (SS) is used in manufacturing industries to reduce and eliminate defects and variability in production, delivery and cycle times, forecasting, quality, customer service, and logistics, among others. It uses various methods, such as “define, measure, analyze, improve and control” (DMAIC) for existing processes, and “define, measure, analyze, design, and verify” (DMADV) for new products or processes. Both L and SS are complementary approaches to achieving good performance. Their integration is known as Lean Six Sigma (LSS). LSS identifies customer needs and eliminates waste while reducing process variability. 
  • 1.3K
  • 23 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Digital twins in pharmaceutical manufacturing
The development and application of emerging technologies of Industry 4.0 enable the realization of digital twins (DT), which facilitates the transformation of the manufacturing sector to a more agile and intelligent one. DTs are virtual constructs of physical systems that mirror the behavior and dynamics of such physical systems. A fully developed DT consists of physical components, virtual components, and information communications between the two. Integrated DTs are being applied in various processes and product industries. Although the pharmaceutical industry has evolved recently to adopt Quality-by-Design (QbD) initiatives and is undergoing a paradigm shift of digitalization to embrace Industry 4.0, there has not been a full DT application in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Therefore, there is a critical need to examine the progress of the pharmaceutical industry towards implementing DT solutions. The aim of this entry is to give an overview of the current status of DT development and its application in pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical manufacturing. State-of-the-art Process Analytical Technology (PAT) developments, process modeling approaches, and data integration studies are reviewed. Challenges and opportunities for future research in this field are also discussed.
  • 3.6K
  • 09 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Product–Service Systems for supply management of spare parts
A Product–Service System (PSS) can be considered as a combination of customer life cycle-oriented products and services that are provided by means of an extended value creation network. Such a business model fosters the transition from a tangible goods-dominant logic to an intangible goods-dominant one and accomplishes Circular Economy (CE) principles. In fact, the services interwoven with a product’s life cycle, especially those related to its use and End-Of-Life (EOL) phases, play a crucial role in the optimization of the environmental performances of a product through its whole life cycle. However, PSS solutions aimed at practically optimizing supply chain management have scarcely been addressed. In order to reduce this gap, here proposes a procedure based on the PSS Functional Matrix, the Screening Life Cycle Modelling (SLCM) method, and stock management theory to optimize aftermarket services based on market demand.
  • 1.2K
  • 04 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Interfacial Characteristics of 6061/AZ31B Composites in Multi-Pass Rolling
An Al 6061/Mg AZ31B composite plate with good bonding and excellent comprehensive mechanical properties was prepared through solid-liquid cast-rolling bonding (SLCRB). The microstructure evolution and mechanical behavior of Al/Mg composite plates under different rolling passes were studied. The results showed that with the increase of rolling passes, the bonding layer of the composite plate was crushed, and the base material on both sides of the substrate gradually grew towards the broken part of the bonding layer. The microstructure on both sides of the substrate extended along the rolling direction and was dynamically recrystallized to a certain extent. In the Mg substrate, because the preheating temperature was higher than its recrystallization temperature, with the increase of rolling passes, the grains in Mg substrate were crystallized. When the rolling passes reached the fourth pass, complete recrystallization basically took place in the Mg substrate. 
  • 417
  • 03 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Integration of Solar Process Heat in Industries
Industrial manufacturing approaches are associated with processing materials that consume a significant amount of thermal energy, termed as industrial process heat. Industrial sectors consume a substantial amount of energy for process heating over a wide range of temperatures (up to 400 °C) from agriculture, HVAC to power plants. However, the intensive industrial application of fossil fuels causes unfavorable environmental effects that cannot be ignored. The integration of solar heat into industrial processes has proven to reduce fossil fuel consumption and to initiate a carbon-free environment, and there is an ongoing tendency towards implementing SHIP projects in a wide variety of industries. However, the research in this sector is quite minimal.
  • 766
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Financial Assessment of Renewable Energy Projects
Financial assessment of renewable energy projects is to help decision-makers invest in renewable energy sources (RES) technologies, it is essential to have reliable indicators capable of measuring a project’s total performance. Despite the global increase in renewable energy sources (RES) investments associated with economic and population growth, few studies have presented a comprehensive evaluation mechanism for RES projects, mainly due to the multiplicity of variables capable of influencing the viability of these endeavors. Therefore, building models that allow an efficient and holistic measurement is a difficult task.
  • 2.4K
  • 16 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Methods and Techniques for CO2 Capture
With the increase in electricity consumption around the world, electricity demands are increasing every day. During electricity generation using energy technologies based on fossil fuels, the emission of harmful pollutants into the environment (gaseous, liquid, and solid) occurs as the emission of NOx, SOx, dust, CO2, and wastewater (e.g., from flue-gas treatment installations). A great deal of effort in modern low-emission energy technologies was directed at activities leading to decreased gaseous pollutant emissions. The emission of carbon dioxide (CO2), treated as one of the main reasons for global warming when fossil fuel is burned, cannot be avoided. The carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) methods and technologies are among the many ways to reduce CO2 emissions.
  • 12.3K
  • 15 Feb 2022
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