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Topic Review
Clustering Techniques in Autonomous Driving Applications
Autonomous vehicles (AVs) rely on advanced sensory systems, such as Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), to function seamlessly in intricate and dynamic environments. LiDAR produces highly accurate 3D point clouds, which are vital for the detection, classification, and tracking of multiple targets.
  • 897
  • 21 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Model Predictive Traffic Control by Bi-Level Optimization
A bi-level model for traffic signal optimization is developed. The model predictive framework is applied for traffic control in an urban traffic network. The potential of the bi-level formalization is used to increase the space of control influences with simultaneous evaluation of the green light and cycle durations. Thus, the increased control space allows more traffic parameters to be considered, such as vehicles queues and traffic flows. A particular modification of the bi-level control is applied for the synchronization of the traffic lights in the network. The model predictive approach is used for the real-time management of the traffic in the network. The control implementations are constrained by the shortest evaluated cycle.
  • 887
  • 11 May 2022
Topic Review
Virtual Coupling in Railways
The mobility situation is constantly changing as people are increasingly moving to urban areas. Therefore, a flexible mode of transport with high-capacity passenger trains and a high degree of modularity in the trains’ composition is necessary. Virtual coupling (VC) is a promising solution to this problem because it significantly increases the capacity of a line and provides a more flexible mode of operation than conventional signaling systems.
  • 874
  • 29 May 2023
Topic Review
Drivers for Digital Twin Adoption in Construction Industry
Digital twin (DT) is able to present digital replicas of existing assets, processes and systems. DT can integrate artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data analytics to create real-time simulation models. These models learn and update from multiple data sources to predict their physical counterparts’ current and future conditions. This has promoted its relevance in various industries, including the construction industry (CI). However, recognising the existence of a distinct set of factors driving its adoption has not been established. The drivers were identified through a systematic literature review approach and integrated into a classification framework to enhance its understanding. A conceptual framework was developed to enhance the successful adoption of DT in the CI based on the identified drivers.
  • 872
  • 21 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Edge Computing in Manufacturing Industry
The primary goal of edge computing (EC) is to reduce the time required to transfer large amounts of data. With the ability to analyze data at the edge, it is possible to obtain immediate feedback and use it in the decision-making process. However, the implementation of EC requires investments not only in infrastructure, but also in the development of employee knowledge related to modern computing methods based on artificial intelligence. Future research in EC should particularly cover areas where actions require immediate decision making and the processing of big data, such as autonomous control of robots, vehicles, or entire factories. The second area of research should be technologies related to mobile edge computing, for example, telecommunications and all issues related to 5G technology.
  • 852
  • 11 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning System
The heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is a major energy consumer in office buildings, and its operation is critical for indoor thermal comfort.
  • 837
  • 24 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Electromagnetic Microrobotic Platforms for Biomedical Applications
Magnetic microrobotics is a promising technology for improving minimally invasive surgery (MIS) with the ambition of enhancing patient care and comfort. The potential benefits include limited incisions, less hemorrhaging and postoperative pain, and faster recovery time. To achieve this, a key issue relies on the design of a proper electromagnetic actuation (EMA) setup which is based on the use of magnetic sources. The magnetic field and its gradient generated by the EMA platform is then used to induce magnetic torque and force for microrobot manipulations inside the human body. Like any control systems, the EMA system must be adapted to the given controlled microrobot and customized for the application. 
  • 819
  • 24 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Obstacle Detection Systems of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles
The high efficiency of obstacle detection system (ODS) is essential to obtain the high performance of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) carrying out a mission in a complex underwater environment. ODSs being improved and provide greater detection accuracy that results in better AUV response time. Almost all analysed methods are based on the conventional approach to obstacle detection. In the future, even better ODSs parameters could be achieved by using artificial intelligence (AI) methods. 
  • 814
  • 11 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Learning for Unmanned Ground Vehicles
The problem of autonomous navigation of a ground vehicle in unstructured environments is both challenging and crucial for the deployment of this type of vehicle in real-world applications. We present a review on the recent contributions in the roboticsliterature adopting learning-based methods to solve the problem of environment perception andinterpretation with the final aim of the autonomous context-aware navigation of ground vehicles inunstructured environments.
  • 810
  • 29 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Fine-Grained Change Detection
Fine-grained change detection in sensor data is very challenging for artificial intelligence though it is critically important in practice. It is the process of identifying differences in the state of an object or phenomenon where the differences are class-specific and are difficult to generalise. As a result, many recent technologies that leverage big data and deep learning struggle with this task.
  • 807
  • 12 Jul 2021
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