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Topic Review
Model-Free HVAC Control in Buildings
The efficient control of Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) devices in building structures is mandatory for achieving energy savings and comfort. To balance these objectives efficiently, it is essential to incorporate adequate advanced control strategies to adapt to varying environmental conditions and occupant preferences. Model-free control approaches for building HVAC systems have gained significant interest due to their flexibility and ability to adapt to complex, dynamic systems without relying on explicit mathematical models. A comprehensive review of the most impactful research applications of the last years concerning RL, ANNs, FLC, and Hybrid Model-free control applications for HVACs in building structures is given herein. Through a holistic evaluation of multiple research efforts, the primary aim is to identify different trends in Model-free control towards HVACs and moreover, to provide Future directions in the field.
  • 255
  • 27 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Contactless Identification Card Immunity against a Current Pulse
Contactless identification cards based on RFID technology are currently an integral part of many human activities in industry, transport, trade, etc. The most used cards are contactless cards operating at 13.56 MHz, according to the ISO/IEC 14443 standard, and using some version of the NXP Mifare chip.
  • 255
  • 22 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Autonomous Vehicle Localization
In a vehicle, wheel speed sensors and inertial measurement units (IMUs) are present onboard, and their raw data can be used for localization estimation. Both wheel sensors and IMUs encounter challenges such as bias and measurement noise, which accumulate as errors over time. Even a slight inaccuracy or minor error can render the localization system unreliable and unusable in a matter of seconds. Traditional algorithms, such as the extended Kalman filter (EKF), have been applied for a long time in non-linear systems. These systems have white noise in both the system and in the estimation model. These approaches require deep knowledge of the non-linear noise characteristics of the sensors. On the other hand, as a subset of artificial intelligence (AI), neural network-based (NN) algorithms do not necessarily have these strict requirements.
  • 254
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Domain Adaptation in Computer and Robotic Vision
Domain adaptation methods play a pivotal role in facilitating seamless knowledge transfer and enhancing the generalization capabilities of computer and robotic vision systems. Domain adaptation techniques play a pivotal role in addressing the domain shift problem encountered in computer and robotic vision. These methods are designed to improve the generalization skills of vision models, enabling them to function well in situations outside the scope of their training data. 
  • 238
  • 25 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence in Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient Diagnosis
Portal hypertension is a complex medical condition characterized by elevated blood pressure in the portal venous system. The conventional diagnosis of such disease often involves invasive procedures such as liver biopsy, endoscopy, or imaging techniques with contrast agents, which can be uncomfortable for patients and carry inherent risks. Deep neural networks can serve as useful auxiliary diagnostic tools, aiding healthcare professionals in making timely and accurate decisions for patients suspected of having portal hypertension.
  • 225
  • 24 Nov 2023
Topic Review
An Algorithm for Personalizing SSVEP-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces
Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) based on steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs) are inexpensive and do not require user training. Researchers herein describe how the light frequency could be selected individually. In particular, this is done via the proposed discomfort index, determined by the ratio of theta and beta rhythms in the EEG signal.
  • 224
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Definition of Autonomous Cycles for the Agroindustrial Sector
One of the great current challenges of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) is to dynamically innovate to improve their supply of goods, products, and services in order to respond to the changing needs of the market. In particular, several studies have concluded that investment in innovation has a high impact on the competitiveness of organizations, which can lead to the introduction of new products and processes. Thus, innovation is a means for companies to adapt to remain in the market, considering available resources.
  • 221
  • 20 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Trajectory Prediction of Vehicle–Pedestrian and Vehicle–Pedestrian Interactions
The conflict between pedestrians and vehicles is an important safety issue, not only in the USA but everywhere in the world. This issue is even worse in developing countries. Road accidents claim over 1.3 million lives annually, which translates to more than two lives lost every minute. Shockingly, around ninety percent of these tragedies happen in countries with limited resources. 
  • 217
  • 15 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Building Management Systems and Operation
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have become a cornerstone in efficiently managing building energy management systems (BEMSs) as they offer advanced capabilities for prediction, control, and optimization. 
  • 206
  • 02 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Microwave Resonators for Wearable Sensors Design
The field of flexible electronics is undergoing an exponential evolution due to the demand of the industry for wearable devices, wireless communication devices and networks, healthcare sensing devices and the technology around the Internet of Things (IoT) framework. E-textiles are attracting attention within the healthcare areas, amongst others, for providing the possibility of developing continuous patient monitoring solutions and customized devices to accommodate each patient’s specific needs. 
  • 204
  • 29 Dec 2023
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