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Topic Review
Applications of Fibre Reinforced Polymer
Three FRP shapes are used in Structural Engineering applications: FRP profiles for new construction, FRP rebars and FRP strengthening systems. Applications in bridges, buildings, railway platforms, cooling towers and repair and rehabilitation of existing structures are presented. FRP is a strong and lightweight sustainable material with lower carbon footprint than traditional materials. However, FRPs are not as widely used as expected. FRP use in repair and rehabilitation has seen significant growth, though, over last two decades. The major challenges have been steel-like FRP elements, lack of ductility, almost no legal design guidelines and inadequate knowledge about fire and durability performance. The future of FRPs can be promising if engineers use this material more for net-zero carbon construction, and to effectively deal with climate emergency.
  • 11.6K
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Applications of Solar Panel Waste in Pavement Construction
Waste from used solar panels will be a worldwide problem in the near future mainly due to the strong uptake in solar energy and the necessity of disposing solar panel systems at the end–of–life stage, as these materials are hazardous. While new techniques and strategies are often investigated to manage the end–of–life of solar panels effectively, there is huge potential in recycling and reusing solar panel waste as components for alternate products. Numerous studies have been conducted on using alternate materials instead of conventional materials in pavement construction.The findings present opportunities to use different solar panel waste materials such as glass, aluminium (Al), silicon (Si), and polymer waste as potential replacement materials in various types of pavement construction.
  • 365
  • 02 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Applications of Sustainable Hybrid Energy Harvesting
The potential usage of self-powered wireless sensor (WSN) systems has drawn a lot of attention to sustainable energy harvesting. Hybrid energy harvesting involves collecting energy from multiple sources and converting it into electrical energy using various transduction mechanisms. By properly integrating different energy conversion technologies, hybridization can significantly increase power outputs and improve space utilization efficiency.
  • 410
  • 28 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Applications of Ultra-High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (UHP-FRC)
UHPC is a cement based composite used to increase the life of new and existing structures. This new compound can replace concrete in harsh regions. After decades of research and manufacture, a range of commercial UHPC compositions are now accessible internationally to address demand for high-quality construction materials. UHPC provides substantial improvements over regular concrete, however its use is limited by design regulations and high prices. A detailed research of UHPC's durability qualities is needed to guide testing requirements and techniques and expand its practical usage. This study aims to promote UHPC research and applications.  
  • 719
  • 26 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Applications of Water Mist Systems
Water mist systems have been proven to perform in many applications, such as enclosed compartments; open air; and large, well-ventilated spaces.
  • 991
  • 07 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Approaches to Sustainable Buildings and Cities
The assessment of the sustainability of buildings and cities is at the forefront of the environmental analysis of the built environment. Buildings are essential components of cities, where people spend a substantial part of their lives living, working, studying or relaxing. However, the same buildings and the whole construction industry are also responsible for considerable energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and waste generation. Sustainable development seeks to find “a balance between economic development, environmental protection and social improvement”, and the main aim of sustainable urban development is to create “beautiful, distinctive, secure, healthy and high-quality places for people to live and work in that foster a strong sense of community, pride, social equity, integration and identity”.
  • 250
  • 24 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Arch-Dams’ Building Risk Reduction
The are thousands of large dams over the globe. The importance of dams is rapidly increasing due to the impact of climate change on increasing hydrological process variability and on water planning and management need. This study tackles a review for the concrete arch-dams’ design process, from a dual sustainability/safety management approach. On one hand, Sustainability is evaluated through a design optimization for dams´ stability and deformation analysis. On the other hand, safety is directly related to the reduction and consequences of failure risk. For that, several scenarios about stability and deformation, identifying desirable and undesirable actions, were estimated. More than 100 specific parameters regarding dam-reservoir-foundation-sediments system and their interactions have been collected. Also, a summary of mathematical modelling was made, and more than 100 references were summarized. The following consecutive steps, required to design engineering (why act), maintenance (when to act) and operations activities (how to act), were evaluated: individuation of hazards, definition of failure potential and estimation of consequences (harm to people, assets and environment). Results show that the area to model the dam–foundation interaction is around 3.0 Hd2, the system-damping ratio and vibration period is 8.5% and 0.39 s. Also, maximum elastic and elasto-plastic displacements are ~0.10–0.20 m. The failure probability for stability is 34%, whereas for deformation it is 29%
  • 1.2K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Archimedes Screw Turbines
Archimedes Screws Turbines (ASTs) are a new form of generators for small hydroelectric powerplants that could be applied even in low head sites. ASTs offer a clean and renewable source of energy. They are safer for wildlife and especially fish. The low rotation speed of ASTs reduces negative impacts on aquatic life and fish. Considering the flexibility and advantages of ASTs, they offer economic, social, and environmental advantages to support sustainable development to: - Increase the number of suitable sites and maximize power generation.- Retrofit old dams or upgrade current dams or mills to make them economically (power generation) and environmentally (renewable energy) reasonable.- Reduce the hydroelectricity major operational and/or maintenance costs.- Reduce the disturbance of natural erosion and sedimentation processes.- Make hydropower generation safer for aquatic wildlife, especially for fish.- Generate electricity for small communities, developing countries, and regions with limited access to the power grid or other infrastructures, or regions that are hard to access or connect to the power grid.  
  • 1.4K
  • 12 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Architectural Perspective of Ant Nests
Ants are excellent architects in the animal kingdom. The activities of “design”, “material selection” and “construction” of their nests are full of magical secrets. After hundreds of millions of years of survival of the fittest, the nests of each species of ant are generally characterised by reasonable structure and good mechanical performance, and also reflect the law of “obtaining large and solid living space with the least amount of material”. The complex underground ant colony nest system is large in scale, stable in internal environmental characteristics, has excellent ventilation, appropriate humidity and temperature, and makes use of natural barriers, such as thin grasses, trees, sand and stone, around entrances and exits, as well as having good physical structure, resistant to pressure, water, heat and moisture. Ants have very strict requirements on the size, weight, lustre and colour of the building materials for the nest, such as soil particles. As social insects, ants are responsible for the site selection and materials selection of their nests, the design of the whole nest, organising and coordinating the grand construction process, and managing the nest. 
  • 2.6K
  • 26 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Architecture, Engineering and Construction Industry
The architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) sector is a significant driver of economic activity around the world. Structure- and workplace-related safety accidents have the potential to be life-threatening. Unfortunately, these are always some of the most overlooked things in the sector.
  • 615
  • 05 Feb 2021
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