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Topic Review
3D Braiding Technology
3D braiding technologies enable the production of structures with complex geometry, which are often used for lightweight solutions, for example in automotive engineering. In addition, medical technology offers wide-ranging applications for 3D braiding technology. 3D braided structures are defined as those with yarns that intersect in all three spatial directions. 3D braiding processes allow the fiber orientation to be easily influenced, thus ensuring high strength and stiffness with reduced mass.
  • 2.0K
  • 25 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Machine-Learning-Based Disease Diagnosis
Machine learning (ML), an area of artificial intelligence (AI), enables researchers, physicians, and patients to solve some of these issues. Many researchers and practitioners illustrate the promise of machine-learning-based disease diagnosis (MLBDD), which is inexpensive and time-efficient. Traditional diagnosis processes are costly, time-consuming, and often require human intervention. While the individual’s ability restricts traditional diagnosis techniques, ML-based systems have no such limitations, and machines do not get exhausted as humans do. As a result, a method to diagnose disease with outnumbered patients’ unexpected presence in health care may be developed. To create MLBDD systems, health care data such as images (i.e., X-ray, MRI) and tabular data (i.e., patients’ conditions, age, and gender) are employed.
  • 1.9K
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Sensing
Simultaneous detection of analytes that together exist in biological organisms necessitates the development of effective and efficient non enzymatic electrodes in sensing. In this regard, development of sensing elements for detecting glucose and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is significant. The non-enzymatic sensing is more economical and has longer lifetime than enzymatic electrochemical sensing, but it has several drawbacks such as high working potential, slow electrode kinetics, poisoning from intermediate species and weak sensing parameters. Here is a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in non-enzymatic glucose and H2O2 (NEGH) sensing, by focusing mainly on sensing performance, electro catalytic mechanism, morphology and design of electrode materials. A comparison of glucose and H2O2 sensing parameters using same electrode materials is outlined to predict the efficient sensing performances of advanced nanomaterials with metal/metal oxides and hybrid metallic nanocomposites.
  • 1.9K
  • 24 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Transducer Technologies for Biosensors and Their Wearable Applications
Biosensors refer to the collaboration of receptors that recognize target analytes and transducers that translate this recognition into a detectable signal. Biological molecules such as enzymes, nucleic acids, antibodies, or their synthetic analogues can serve as bio-receptors to bind the analyte of interest. To form a biosensor device that detects or measures the biological events or changes, the targeted matching of the bio-receptor and the analyte should be evaluated quantitatively, making the transducers indispensable components of a biosensor. Availability of various bio-receptors, transducers, and possible combinations of both components constitute various ways to classify biosensors. Compared to conventional sensors based on rigid semiconductors, metals, and ceramics, elastomers are advantageous since they exhibit the highest level of strain behavior for wearable applications. 
  • 1.9K
  • 09 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Spinal-Deformities and Advancement in Corrective-Orthoses
Spinal deformity is an abnormality in the spinal curves and can seriously affect the activities of daily life. The conventional way to treat spinal deformities, such as scoliosis, kyphosis, and spondylolisthesis, is to use spinal orthoses (braces). Braces have been used for centuries to apply corrective forces to the spine to treat spinal deformities or to stabilize the spine during postoperative rehabilitation. Braces have not modernized with advancements in technology, and very few braces are equipped with smart sensory design and active actuation. There is a need to enable the orthotists, ergonomics practitioners, and developers to incorporate new technologies into the passive field of bracing. 
  • 1.8K
  • 30 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Human Emotion Recognition
Automated emotion recognition (AEE) is important issue in the various field of activities, which uses human emotional reaction as a signal for marketing, technical equipment or human-robot interaction. Paper analyzes vast layer of scientific research and technical papers for sensor use analysis, where various methods implemented or researched. Paper cover few classes of sensors, using contactless methods, contact and skin-penetrating electrodes with for human emotion detection and measurement of their intensity. Result of performed analysis in this paper presented applicable methods for each type of emotions or their intensity and proposed their classification. Provided classification of emotion sensors revealed area of application and expected outcome from each method as well as noticed limitation of them. This paper should be interested for researchers, needed to use of human emotion evaluation and analysis, when there is a need to choose proper method for their purposes or find alternative decision.
  • 1.8K
  • 27 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Advanced Bioengineered Skin Equivalents
The formation of severe scars still represents the result of the closure process of extended and deep skin wounds. To address this issue, different bioengineered skin substitutes have been developed but a general consensus regarding their effectiveness has not been achieved yet. It will be shown that bioengineered skin substitutes, although representing a valid alternative to autografting, induce skin cells in repairing the wound rather than guiding a regeneration process. Repaired skin differs from regenerated skin, showing high contracture, loss of sensitivity, impaired pigmentation and absence of cutaneous adnexa (i.e., hair follicles and sweat glands). This leads to significant mobility and aesthetic concerns, making the development of more effective bioengineered skin models a current need. The objective of this review is to determine the limitations of either commercially available or investigational bioengineered skin substitutes and how advanced skin tissue engineering strategies can be improved in order to completely restore skin functions after severe wounds.
  • 1.7K
  • 30 Jul 2020
Topic Review
Downstream Processing of Virus Filter
Virus filtration is a single-use, size-based separation process in which the contaminating virus particles are retained while the therapeutic molecules pass through the membrane pores. Virus filtration is routinely used as part of the overall virus clearance strategy. Compromised performance of virus filters due to membrane fouling, low throughput and reduced viral clearance, is of considerable industrial significance and is frequently a major challenge.
  • 1.7K
  • 24 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Nitrogen removal in bioelectrochemical systems
Nitrogenous compounds attract great attention because of their environmental impact and harmfulness to the health of human beings. Various biological technologies have been developed to reduce the environmental risks of nitrogenous pollutants. Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are considered to be a novel biological technology for removing nitrogenous contaminants by virtue of their advantages, such as low energy requirement and capacity for treating wastewaters with a low C/N ratio. Therefore, increasing attention has been given to carry out biological processes related to nitrogen removal with the aid of cathodic biofilms in BESs. Prior studies have evaluated the feasibility of conventional biological processes including nitrification, denitrification, and anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox), separately or combined together, to remove nitrogenous compounds with the help of BESs. The present review summarizes the progress of developments in BESs in terms of the biological process, cathodic biofilm, and affecting factors for efficient nitrogen removal.
  • 1.7K
  • 27 Jul 2020
Topic Review
IoMT System
 The Internet of medical things (IoMT) is an area within the IoT that directly focuses on medical applications and deals with the acquisition, processing, transmission and storage of medical information through the amalgamation of specific devices (things) built to ensure patient safety and data security. IoMT builds over a general IoT system. Different design concepts have been shown both using existent protocols, as well as commonly used bands, i.e., industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) bands, which includes both Bluetooth and ZigBee. Additionally, novel and emerging protocols for wireless sensor body network (WSBN) are being investigated. 
  • 1.7K
  • 13 Apr 2021
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