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Topic Review
Buck-Boost DC-DC Converters for Fuel Cell Applications
The use of fuel cells in DC microgrids has been receiving a lot of attention from researchers and industry since both technologies can deliver clean energy with little to no environmental impact. To effectively integrate fuel cells in DC microgrids, a power converter that can equate the fuel cell’s voltage with the DC microgrid’s reference voltage is required. Based on the typical output voltages of fuel cells, buck-boost topologies are commonly used in this type of application. This work compiles, compares and describes different DC-DC buck-boost topologies that have been introduced in the literature over the past few years. 
  • 1.4K
  • 14 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Bücker Bü 131
The Bücker Bü 131 "Jungmann" (freshman, young man) was a German 1930s basic training aircraft which was used by the Luftwaffe during World War II.
  • 681
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Building Associated Fungi and How to Find Them
The number of buildings experiencing humidity problems and fungal growth appears to be increasing as energy-saving measures and changes in construction practices and climate become more common. Determining the cause of the problem and documenting the type and extent of fungal growth are complex processes involving both building physics and indoor mycology. The most reported building-associated fungi across all materials are Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus versicolor. Chaetomium globosum is common on all organic materials, whereas Aspergillus niger is common on all inorganic materials.
  • 280
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Building Design for Preventing COVID-19 Pandemic
Sustainable design methods aim to obtain architectural solutions that assure the coexistence and welfare of human beings, inorganic structures, and living things that constitute ecosystems. The novel coronavirus emergence, inadequate vaccines against the present severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-(SARS-CoV-2), and increases in microbial resistance have made it essential to review the preventative approaches used during pre-antibiotic periods. Apart from low carbon emissions and energy, sustainable architecture for facilities, building designs, and digital modeling should incorporate design approaches to confront the impacts of communicable infections. This review aims to determine how architectural design can protect people and employees from harm; it models viewpoints to highlight the architects’ roles in combating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and designing guidelines as a biomedical system for policymakers. The goals include exploring the hospital architecture evolution and the connection between architectural space and communicable infections and recommending design and digital modeling strategies to improve infection prevention and controls. Based on a wide-ranging literature review, it was found that design methods have often played important roles in the prevention and control of infectious diseases and could be a solution for combating the wide spread of the novel coronavirus or coronavirus variants or delta. 
  • 1.6K
  • 24 May 2022
Topic Review
Building Energy and Urban Microclimate Simulations
Considering the latest research findings as well as trends in energy policies that necessitate building energy design with accurately predicted performance indicators, building simulation techniques, taking into account the external microclimate effects, should no longer be considered as “for research purposes only” and move to the practitioner level at the early design stages.
  • 659
  • 02 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Building Energy Modeling Approaches
Buildings use up to 40% of the global primary energy and 30% of global greenhouse gas emissions, which may significantly impact climate change. Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems are among the most significant contributors to global primary energy consumption and carbon gas emissions. Extensive research and advanced HVAC modeling/control techniques have emerged to provide better solutions in response to the issues.
  • 750
  • 26 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Building information modeling (BIM)
BIM is defined as the“digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility”. It is the process of producing and maintaining project related information throughout the different phases of the building life cycle. The information not only constitutes geometric properties of the building elements, but also extends to include any customized information related to the building. There are various uses for BIMs, which include 3D visualization, 4D scheduling, quantity take-off, etc. Although the use of BIM functionalities is an active field of research, exploiting the advantages of BIM in the deconstruction stage remains limited. 
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Building Information Modeling and Building Energy Modeling Applications
Building information modeling (BIM) has established itself as a tool with the potential to revolutionize the construction industry. In fact, due to the growing complexity of buildings, managing construction projects is becoming increasingly challenging. In this context, BIM, as a multifunctional method, can assist the entire building design process, contributing to the realization of green buildings. Furthermore, thanks to the potential interoperability of BIM with BEM (Building Energy Modeling) software, it is possible to integrate energy aspects already in the preliminary phase of a project. However, although various interoperability strategies are present, the current difficulties that arise during the model export process do not allow efficient software communication and, consequently, widespread use of the BIM to BEM method. 
  • 354
  • 19 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Building Information Modeling in Assessing Buildings Carbon Footprint
The analysis of the carbon footprint of buildings is a key tool for assessing the impact of different buildings on climate change. Several frameworks and methodologies are available to calculate the footprint of buildings, including standards and norms, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), and dedicated software tools. The use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) programme for these calculations is both scientifically justified and very practical.
  • 180
  • 15 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Building Information Modelling
The evolution of the construction industry is associated with the continuous implementation of new technologies. Building Information Modelling (BIM) has revolutionised the collaboration and data sharing processes in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry.
  • 927
  • 08 Feb 2021
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