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Topic Review
Technologies for Railway Track Maintenance
Inspection and repair interventions play vital roles in the asset management of railways. Autonomous mobile manipulators possess considerable potential to replace humans in many hazardous railway track maintenance tasks with high efficiency and increased asset utilization. Railway track maintenance technologies ranges from handheld devices to whole train, from manually pushed trolley to autonomous robots. 
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Technologies for Plasmon-Based Fluorescence Enhancement
Fluorescence is a widely used phenomenon in various scientific and technological fields, including biology, chemistry, medicine, and materials science. The fluorescence signal provides valuable information about molecular interactions, concentrations, and structural changes. Fluorescence exhibits numerous valuable applications, encompassing the detection of single molecules, fluorescence nanoscopy, biological labeling, and optoelectronic device functionality, among many others. Fluorescence enhancement is imperative for enhancing the sensitivity and precision of a wide range of scientific and technological applications that heavily rely on fluorescence detection. It is a crucial requirement to elevate the performance and reliability of these applications.
  • 142
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Technologies for Localisation in Autonomous Railway Maintenance Systems
Smart maintenance is essential to achieving a safe and reliable railway, but traditional maintenance deployment is costly and heavily human-involved. Ineffective job execution or failure in preventive maintenance can lead to railway service disruption and unsafe operations. The deployment of robotic and autonomous systems was proposed to conduct these maintenance tasks with higher accuracy and reliability. In order for these systems to be capable of detecting rail flaws along millions of mileages they must register their location with higher accuracy. A prerequisite of an autonomous vehicle is its possessing a high degree of accuracy in terms of its positional awareness.
  • 344
  • 10 May 2023
Topic Review
Technologies for Improving Storage Efficiency in Blockchain-Based IIoT
The Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain have contributed to massive advancements in the fields to which they have been applied. The benefits of the blockchain, which include enhanced security, transparency, and greater traceability, make it a promising technology for integration with IIoT, which has long had issues with security. However, there are several issues that limit the integration of blockchain into Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) systems. One of these issues is the huge storage requirement of the blockchain. There are several solutions to address these concerns. These solutions, which include summarization-based, compression-based, and storage scheme optimization methods, are necessary to enable the further development of blockchain–IIoT integration. However, these solutions have shortcomings that reduce their effectiveness. Compression-based schemes produce compressed blocks or data that accumulate over time and may not ensure enough storage savings on peers. This can be alleviated by designing compression techniques that provide an efficient representation of data for IIoT systems to yield better compression ratios. Summarization-based schemes reduce redundancy in block data by using the net change in transferring entities between parties and, thus, are better suited for financial systems than for IIoT systems. 
  • 704
  • 30 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Technologies for 3D Localization
Due to the uniqueness of each indoor environment and the immaturity and cost of various technologies (e.g., UWB, mmWave), there are no established standards for indoor positioning systems yet. In practice, each installation is adapted to spatial dimensions, structural materials, accuracy specifications and budget restrictions. Therefore, several different wireless positioning techniques and algorithms are currently being utilized and several more have been reported in the literature, which take advantage of Radio Access Technologies (RATs) such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Ultrawideband (UWB), mmWave, cellular (2G–6G), etc. The importance of such technologies is their integration in modern smart devices. Alternative non-radio technologies applied in modern systems are ultrasound, inertial sensors and Visible Light Communication (VLC).
  • 660
  • 12 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Technologies and Equipment of Mechanized Blossom Thinning in Orchards
Based on relevant reports in the past 20 years, the current level of development of mechanized blossom thinning technologies and equipment in orchards from three aspects: mechanism research, machine development, and intelligent upgrading are discussed here.
  • 215
  • 10 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Technological Trends and Engineering Issues on Vertical Farms
Vertical farming has emerged as a promising solution to cope with increasing food demand, urbanization pressure, and limited resources and to ensure sustainable year-round urban agriculture. Vertical farming is a modern agricultural approach that offers exceptional space efficiency, in contrast to conventional farming methods that often result in water wastage and land degradation. The key advantages of vertical farming include the recirculation of freshwater to minimize waste, the optimization of growth conditions for steady year-round harvests, and the ability to sidestep seasonal limitations. These urban-based farms employ advanced technologies to reduce costs by decreasing the need for transportation and labor expenses. 
  • 381
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Technological Innovations in In Situ Leaching
Uranium, a cornerstone for nuclear energy, facilitates a clean and efficient energy conversion. In the era of global clean energy initiatives, uranium resources have emerged as a vital component for achieving sustainability and clean power. To fulfill the escalating demand for clean energy, continual advancements in uranium mining technologies are imperative. Currently, established uranium mining methods encompass open-pit mining, underground mining, and in situ leaching (ISL). Notably, in situ leaching stands out due to its environmental friendliness, efficient extraction, and cost-effectiveness. Moreover, it unlocks the potential of extracting uranium from previously challenging low-grade sandstone-hosted deposits, presenting novel opportunities for uranium mining.
  • 219
  • 12 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Technological Ecosystem for Telepresence Distance Education
One of the most significant challenges of telepresence distance education is to bring the professor and the students closer together in a synchronistic educational experience where the professor is perceived as anatomically proportionate. Telepresence, an educational technology ecosystem using holograms, offers a way to solve this technological challenge.
  • 511
  • 15 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Technological Development of Electric Vehicles and Autonomous Vehicles
Electric vehicles (EVs) are a transport mode that uses an electric motor. That is, EVs are all types of cars that can be powered partly or fully by electricity. The first autonomous vehicles (AVs) concept was introduced by the Detroit-based American carmaker General Motors (Detroit, MI, USA) in 1939. The initial phase of research and development was jointly initiated by General Motors and the Radio Corporation of America Sarnoff Laboratory (New York, NY, USA) in the 1950s.
  • 170
  • 15 Nov 2023
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