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Topic Review
Television Infrared Observation Satellite
TIROS, or Television InfraRed Observation Satellite, is a series of early weather satellites launched by the United States , beginning with TIROS-1 in 1960. TIROS was the first satellite that was capable of remote sensing of the Earth, enabling scientists to view the Earth from a new perspective: space. The program, promoted by Harry Wexler, proved the usefulness of satellite weather observation, at a time when military reconnaissance satellites were secretly in development or use. TIROS demonstrated at that time that "the key to genius is often simplicity". TIROS is an acronym of "Television InfraRed Observation Satellite" and is also the plural of "tiro" which means "a young soldier, a beginner". Participants in the TIROS project included the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), United States Army Signal Research and Development Laboratory, Radio Corporation of America (RCA), the United States Weather Bureau Service, the United States Naval Photographic Interpretation Center (NPIC), the Environmental Science Services Administration (ESSA), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
  • 386
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Telepresence Robot in IoT-Enabled Sustainable Healthcare Systems
In the Internet of Things (IoT) era, telepresence robots (TRs) are increasingly a part of healthcare, academia, and industry due to their enormous benefits. IoT provides a sensor-based environment in which robots receive more precise information about their surroundings. 
  • 191
  • 15 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Telehealth Rehabilitation
Due to damage to the network of nerves that regulate the muscles and feeling in the shoulder, arm, and forearm, brachial plexus injuries (BPIs) are known to significantly reduce the function and quality of life of affected persons. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a considerable share of global disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) is attributable to upper limb injuries, including BPIs. Telehealth can improve access concerns for patients with BPIs, particularly in lower-middle-income nations.
  • 155
  • 22 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Tehachapi Energy Storage Project
The Tehachapi Energy Storage Project (TSP) is a lithium-ion battery-based grid energy storage system at the Monolith Substation of Southern California Edison (SCE) in Tehachapi, California. At the time of commissioning in 2014, it was the largest lithium-ion battery system operating in North America and one of the largest in the world. The TSP system can supply 32 megawatt-hours of energy, at a maximum rate of 8 megawatts. This is sufficient to power between 1,600 and 2,400 homes for four hours. TSP is considered to be a modern-day energy storage pioneer with significant accomplishments that have proven the viability of utility-scale energy storage using lithium-ion technology. While originally envisioned as a research and development project, TSP continues operation today as a distribution-level resource for SCE and for calendar year 2020, SCE reported that TSP operated in the wholesale energy market with revenue exceeding operating and maintenance costs.
  • 612
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Technology Transfer in the Industry 4.0 Era
Modern innovative models have the possibility of transferring research and development (R&D) output through technology transfer from scientific and research institutions or other enterprises. The complex process of technology transfer is significantly dependent on cooperation among academia, industry, and governments in response to the technological developments driven together through Industry 4.0 (I4.0). As a result, numerous technology transfer factors must be addressed for I4.0 to become a reality. However, the abundance of literature on I4.0 and associated technologies, the key ingredients, and insights for effectively executing I4.0 technology transfer are fairly limited.
  • 711
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Technology Transfer Challenges in the Renewable Energy Sector
The use of fossil fuels to generate energy is often associated with serious negative effects on the environment. The greenhouse gas emissions resulting from burning these fuels destroy the ozone layer and lead to global warming. As a strategic approach to the solution of this problem, calls for research and development, as well as the implementation of technologies associated with renewable energy sources within the European Union (EU), have intensified in recent years.
  • 1.3K
  • 07 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Technology for Measuring Vital Signs
Human vital signs such as temperature, breathing rate (BR), heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), and blood pressure (BP) indicate human state of health to a large extent. COVID-19 effects on vital signs, as shown above, are significant on cardiorespiratory state and temperature. Certain other characteristics such as coughing and conjunctivitis are clearly detectable by video camera under the right circumstances, while being difficult to detect remotely using non-imaging technology. Coughing can be detected acoustically.
  • 431
  • 14 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Technologies of Combined Heat and Power Production
The combined hot heat and power (CHHP) terminology adopted nowadays is more representative than the CHP that was designated at the end of 19th century, the first combination of useful effects of the electricity production based on the thermomechanical engine industry. The two useful effects of CHHP, electricity and heat, are differentiated by priority, together with the corresponding first law efficiency expressions.
  • 391
  • 06 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Technologies in Adaptive Dynamic Building Envelopes
Adaptive Dynamic Building Envelope (ADBE) is the term used to describe envelope systems that increase the adaptability of the building skin toward changing ambient conditions, resulting in better energy efficiency and thermal comfort. ADBEs exploit the benefits of passive and active technologies that manage the energy and mass transfer between building and outdoor environment. There is a range of technologies that an ADBE can incorporate to enhance a building’s energy performance. According to their usage, they can be sorted into four categories, i.e., technologies for energy harvesting, technologies affecting heat transfer, technologies for air conditioning, and technologies for storage systems. ADBEs vary from one another based on their level of active-passiveness, and user controllability. The first characteristic is the level of how active or passive the technologies used in the final ADBE product perform. The second characteristic is the level of occupant interaction with the envelope, meaning if the user has the ability to operate some functions on the ADBE manually, or through the usage of building energy management systems.
  • 1.6K
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Technologies for Soft Robotics Grippers
Robotics grippers are one of the most important components in the industry because of their capability to manipulate objects. They not only realize transportation tasks but also perform quality control to optimize robotic work cells. Thanks to the advance in soft material and soft actuators, soft grippers have gained relief in the field of soft robotics in the last years. Soft grippers have considerable flexibility that allows them to grasp a variety of objects, in contrast to hard grippers, which are designed for a specific item. Using the principles of soft robotics, gripping tools with a greater robustness can be developed. This implies that they do not require changes in their programming or construction to manipulate different objects, and the precision needed to make the grips is reduced.
  • 1.5K
  • 21 May 2021
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