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Topic Review
Biocoagulant/bioflocculant application for drinking water
The utilization of metal-based conventional coagulants/flocculants to remove suspended solids from drinking water and wastewater is currently leading to new concerns. Alarming issues related to the prolonged effects on human health and further pollution to aquatic environments from the generated nonbiodegradable sludge are becoming trending topics. The utilization of biocoagulants/bioflocculants does not produce chemical residue in the effluent and creates nonharmful, biodegradable sludge.
  • 3.9K
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Biocompatible and Biodegradable 3D Printing from Bioplastics
Three types of bioplastics are distinguished: Biodegradable bioplastics made from biobased materials. Examples include poly (lactic acid) (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), thermoplastic starch (TPS), and poly (butylene succinate) (PBS); Biodegradable bioplastics made from petrochemical resources. Examples include Poly (butylene adipate terephthalate) (PBAT) and polycaprolactone (PCL); Non-biodegradable or partially biodegradable bioplastics from biobased monomers and bioderived technical polymers. Examples are bioPE, bioPET, bioPP, and poly-trimethylene terephthalate (bioPTT).
  • 365
  • 15 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Biodegradable Iron and Porous Iron
Biodegradable metals have been extensively studied due to their potential use as temporary biomedical devices, on non-load bearing applications. These types of implants are requested to function for the healing period, and should degrade after the tissue heals. A balance between mechanical properties requested at the initial stage of implantation and the degradation rate is required. The use of temporary biodegradable implants avoids a second surgery for the removal of the device, which brings high benefits to the patients and avoids high societal costs. Among the biodegradable metals, iron as a biodegradable metal has increased attention over the last few years, especially with the incorporation of additive manufacturing processes to obtain tailored geometries of porous structures, which give rise to higher corrosion rates. Withal by mimic natural bone hierarchical porosity, the mechanical properties of obtained structures tend to equalize that of human bone.
  • 949
  • 24 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys for Biomedical Implants
Biomedical devices made from high-modulus and hardness materials play a critical role in enhancing the quality of life for people with bone-related ailments. While these materials have been successfully used in orthopedic applications, concerns including stress-shielding have necessitated the exploration of alternative solutions. An ideal biomedical implant requires a delicate balance of mechanical performance, corrosion resistance, tissue biocompatibility, and other properties such as tribological performance and osseointegration. Materials such as stainless steel, titanium, and cobalt alloys remain non-degradable throughout the implant’s lifespan. In contrast, certain magnesium alloys can be engineered to degrade safely and under controlled conditions within the body.
  • 255
  • 15 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Biodegradable Materials and Polymer Composites with Natural Fillers
Biodegradable materials are natural materials and their properties are relatively inferior to those of non-biodegradable materials. Biofibre reinforcement or blending with other biodegradable products has proven to be an effective way to reduce the cost and brittleness of some commonly used polymers to produce a fully biodegradable composite. PLA and ABS polymers are standard materials used as base materials in composites due to their low cost, easy availability and good mechanical properties. Inorganic or organic materials such as glass, carbon fibres, silicon, ceramics or metals have been used in research to date. 
  • 602
  • 08 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Biodegradable Materials for Tissue Engineering
The growing importance of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering (TE) reflects the fact that bone metabolic and related diseases represent approximately 50% of all chronic diseases for people above the age of fifty. In addition, mechanical damage of bone often occurs because of an accident, required surgery and so forth. Bone defects or bone injuries caused by aging, traffic accidents, fractures, or bone tumor resection are among the serious problems in orthopedics because they cause major damage to health and lower the quality of life.
  • 462
  • 09 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Biodegradable Polymers and Stages of Biodegradation
Sustainable and biodegradable bioplastics are gaining significant attention due to resource depletion and plastic pollution. An increasing number of environmentally friendly plastics are being introduced to the market with the aim of addressing these concerns. However, many final products still contain additives or mix non-biodegradable polymers to ensure minimum performance, which often undermines their ecological footprint. Moreover, there is a lack of knowledge about all stages of biodegradation and their accuracy in classifying products as biodegradable.
  • 712
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Biodiesel
Biodiesel (mono alkyl esters) is the most attractive alternative fuel to diesel, with numerous environmental advantages over petroleum-based fuel. The most practicable method for converting triglycerides to biodiesel with viscosities comparable to diesel fuel is transesterification.
  • 692
  • 28 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Biodiesel Blends in Diesel Engines
Since the advent of biodiesel as a renewable alternative fuel, it has attracted wide attention from researchers. The raw materials of biodiesel generally produced by transesterification of animal fats, plants, algae or even waste cooking oil, which makes full use of natural resources and alleviates increasingly problematic oil shortages and environmental pollution. Biodiesel can be directly applied to vehicle engines without any modification and will both improve the combustion quality of the engine and reduce the harmful emissions from the engine. This study mainly summarizes the influence of biodiesel applications on diesel engines, including the impact on engine performance, combustion characteristics, emission characteristics, vibration, noise characteristics, and compatibility. In particular, unregulated emissions such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are rarely mentioned in other review articles, are also discussed in this study.
  • 591
  • 25 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Biodiesel from Castor Oil
An attractive alternative to the use of fossil fuels is biodiesel, which can be obtained from a variety of feedstock through different transesterification systems such as ultrasound, microwave, biological, chemical, among others. The efficient and cost-effective biodiesel production depends on several parameters such as free fatty acid content in the feedstock, transesterification reaction efficiency, alcohol: oil ratio, catalysts type, and several parameters during the production process. However, biodiesel production from vegetable oils is under development, causing the final price of biodiesel to be higher than diesel derived from petroleum. An alternative to decrease the production costs will be the use of economical feedstocks and simple production processes. Castor oil is an excellent raw material in terms of price and quality, but especially this non-edible vegetable oil does not have any issues or compromise food security. Recently, the use of castor oil has attracted attention for producing and optimizing biodiesel production, due to the high content of ricinoleic fatty acid and the possibility to esterify with only methanol, which assures low production costs. Additionally, biodiesel from castor oil has different advantages over conventional diesel. Some of them are biodegradable, non-toxic, renewable, they can be used alone, low greenhouse gas emission, among others. This review discusses and analyzes different transesterification processes, technologies, as well as different technical aspects during biodiesel production using castor oil as a feedstock.
  • 3.4K
  • 28 Oct 2020
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