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Topic Review
Apps for Enabling Disabled Individuals Accessibility in Buildings
Mobile applications have revolutionized various aspects of our lives, enhancing convenience, connectivity, and productivity.  From communication to entertainment, these apps have transformed the way we interact with the world. One crucial area where mobile apps have immense potential is in enabling accessibility for disabled individuals, particularly in buildings. 
  • 233
  • 19 Sep 2023
Topic Review
APRHF Rail Rangers
APRHF Rail Rangers is one of several affiliates of the American Passenger Rail Heritage Foundation (APRHF), a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization whose mission is to preserve and promote the role that passenger rail played in the building of the United States of America. Interpretive Guides with APRHF Rail Rangers provide educational interpretive programs on-board the South Shore Line between Chicago and South Bend, private rail excursions, group rail charters, and at various railroad museums and train shows. The organization is operated out of the APRHF Headquarters in La Plata, Missouri, however most guides live in the Chicago area. Most APRHF Rail Rangers excursions and outreach events take place in the Upper Midwest, including in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, and Wisconsin.
  • 320
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Aptamer Sensors
Recently, aptamers have attracted attention in the biosensing field as signal recognition elements because of their high binding affinity toward specific targets such as proteins, cells, small molecules, and even metal ions. Aptamers have intrinsic advantages, such as their availability for both chemical modifications and conjugation with different labels, facilitating their ability to be used to construct a sensitive and highly selective platform sensor. Aptamers can be easily functionalized and engineered, providing several signaling modes such as colorimetric, fluorometric, and electrochemical, in what is known as aptasensors.
  • 720
  • 17 Jun 2021
Topic Review
APTs Applications in Non-Pavement Research
Accelerated pavement testing (APT) facilities are traditionally used for pavement evaluation under in-service conditions of traffic, environment, and other pavement design parameters. “APT is defined as the controlled application of a prototype wheel loading, at or above the appropriate legal load limit to a prototype or actual, layered, structural pavement system to determine pavement response and performance under a controlled, accelerated accumulation of damage in a compressed time period. The acceleration of damage is achieved by means of increased repetitions, modified loading conditions, imposed climatic conditions, the use of thinner pavements with a decreased structural capacity and thus shorter design lives, or a combination of these factors.
  • 510
  • 17 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Aqueous Organic Pollutants
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are regarded as effective techniques for organic contaminants removal from water and wastewater.
  • 719
  • 21 Jan 2021
Topic Review
AR for Human–Robot Collaboration/Cooperation in Industrial Applications
Augmented reality (AR): overlays virtual objects on the real-world environment and also provides the ability to interact with that environment. AR is any case in which an otherwise real environment is “augmented” by means of virtual (computer graphic) objects. With the continuously growing usage of collaborative robots in industry, the need for achieving a seamless human–robot interaction has also increased, considering that it is a key factor towards reaching a more flexible, effective, and efficient production line. As a prominent and prospective tool to support the human operator to understand and interact with robots, Augmented Reality (AR) has been employed in numerous human–robot collaborative and cooperative industrial applications. 
  • 705
  • 12 Apr 2022
Topic Review
AR Technologies in Engineering Education
Over the past decade, the use of AR has significantly increased over a wide range of applications. Although there are many good examples of AR technology being used in engineering, retail, and for entertainment, the technology has not been widely adopted for teaching in university engineering departments. It is generally accepted that the use of AR can complement the students’ learning experience by improving engagement and by helping to visualise complex engineering physics; however, several key challenges still have to be addressed to fully integrate the use of AR into a broader engineering curriculum.
  • 575
  • 10 May 2022
Topic Review
Arabic Sign Language Recognition
Sign language recognition, an essential interface between the hearing and deaf-mute communities, faces challenges with high false positive rates and computational costs, even with the use of advanced deep learning techniques.
  • 218
  • 30 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Arch-Dams’ Building Risk Reduction
The are thousands of large dams over the globe. The importance of dams is rapidly increasing due to the impact of climate change on increasing hydrological process variability and on water planning and management need. This study tackles a review for the concrete arch-dams’ design process, from a dual sustainability/safety management approach. On one hand, Sustainability is evaluated through a design optimization for dams´ stability and deformation analysis. On the other hand, safety is directly related to the reduction and consequences of failure risk. For that, several scenarios about stability and deformation, identifying desirable and undesirable actions, were estimated. More than 100 specific parameters regarding dam-reservoir-foundation-sediments system and their interactions have been collected. Also, a summary of mathematical modelling was made, and more than 100 references were summarized. The following consecutive steps, required to design engineering (why act), maintenance (when to act) and operations activities (how to act), were evaluated: individuation of hazards, definition of failure potential and estimation of consequences (harm to people, assets and environment). Results show that the area to model the dam–foundation interaction is around 3.0 Hd2, the system-damping ratio and vibration period is 8.5% and 0.39 s. Also, maximum elastic and elasto-plastic displacements are ~0.10–0.20 m. The failure probability for stability is 34%, whereas for deformation it is 29%
  • 1.2K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Archaeoacoustics Around the World
Acoustics has been integrated with archaeology to better understand the social and cultural context of past cultures. Specifically, public events such as rituals or ceremonies, where an appreciation of sound propagation was required to hold an event. Various acoustic techniques have been used to study archaeological sites, providing information about the building characteristics and organizational structures of ancient civilizations. Archaeoacoustics is the application of acoustics in archaeological spaces.
  • 620
  • 06 May 2023
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