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Topic Review
Ultrasound and HPP to Control Fruit Enzymatic Browning
Polyphenoloxidase (PPO) is an endogenous enzyme, which is naturally present in plant tissues, and it has also been referred to as polyphenol oxidase, catechol oxidase, tyrosinase, phenolase, catecholase, and o-diphenol oxidase. It is an oxidoreductase-copper-containing metalloprotein, which catalyses the degradation of phenolic fruit constituents to o-quinones in the presence of oxygen. The combination of ultrasound with temperature, and high pressure processing (HPP) with temperature to inactivate polyphenoloxidase enzyme in three fruits (pear, apple and strawberry) was investigated and compared with PPO inactivation exclusively by a thermal process. 
  • 532
  • 12 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Ball-Burnishing Process
Burnishing processes are effective methods to increase the durability and surface texture of industrial parts, through plastic deformation of its micropeaks. Traditional burnishing can be strongly improved with the assistance of external energy sources. One of these sources is vibration assistance, which can be delivered into the systems through different means. In overall, vibration-assistance ball burnishing consists on overlapping to the static burnishing preload an oscillatory force that favours the acoustoplastic effect in the material, that is, an increase in dislocation mobility that facilitates plastic deformation, while eventually delivering residual hardening on the target surface.
  • 1.2K
  • 11 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Ultrasonic and UWB Technology for Indoor Localization
Evaluations of different technologies and solutions for indoor localization exist but only a few are aimed at the industrial context. It's showed that an acceptable accuracy required for tracking people or objects and could serve as a guideline for the least achievable accuracy when applied for mobile robotics in conjunction with other elements of a robotic navigation stack. 
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy
Ultrafast laser spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique that uses ultrashort pulse lasers for the study of dynamics on extremely short time scales (attoseconds to nanoseconds). Different methods are used to examine dynamics of charge carriers, atoms and molecules. Many different procedures have been developed spanning different time scales and photon energy ranges; some common methods are listed below.
  • 434
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Ultra-Wideband Antenna on a Polymeric Substrate
The design, simulation, realization, and measurement of an ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna on a polymeric substrate have been realized. The UWB antenna was prepared using conventional technology, such as copper etching; inkjet printing, which is regarded as a modern and progressive nano-technology; and polymer thick-film technology in the context of screen-printing technology. The thick-film technology-based UWB antenna has a bandwidth of 3.8 GHz, with a central frequency of 9 GHz, and a frequency range of 6.6 to 10.4 GHz. In addition to a comparison of the technologies described, the results show that the mesh of the screens has a significant impact on the quality of the UWB antenna when utilizing polymeric screen-printing pastes.
  • 553
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency V2X Communications
Vehicular communication is a promising technology that has been announced as a main use-case of the fifth-generation cellular system (5G). Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) is the vehicular communication paradigm that enables the communications and interactions between vehicles and other network entities, e.g., road-side units (RSUs). This promising technology faces many challenges related to reliability, availability and security of the exchanged data. 
  • 916
  • 07 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Ultra-Precision Machining Technologies
In order to reduce the surface/subsurface damage of soft-brittle optical materials and improve their surface quality, it is necessary to carry out ultra-precision machining of soft-brittle optical materials. Common ultra-precision machining techniques for soft-brittle optical materials include abrasive-free deliquescent polishing, single-point diamond turning (SPDT), chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), ultra-precision grinding, micro-milling, ion beam figuring (IBF) and magnetorheological finishing (MRF).
  • 2.7K
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Ultra-Low-Frequency Oscillation
One of the prominent problems faced with hydro-dominant power system is ultra-low-frequency oscillation (ULFO) with a frequency deviation of 0.1 Hz lower, which is caused by the negative damping of hydro generators. ULFO might lead to an oscillation of all generators with the same oscillation frequency, restricting consumption of hydropower renewable energy.
  • 1.6K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Ultra-High-Performance Fibre-Reinforced Concrete
Ultra-high-performance fibre-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) is a cementitious composite which contains fibres. UHPFRC has emerged as an effective structural retrofitting material due to its superior mechanical properties. In addition, UHPFRC has outstanding durability, ductility and workability; a low permeability; and a high abrasion and fire resistance. 
  • 269
  • 18 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) Piles and Splicing Options
Conventional driven piles are made from steel, concrete, timber, or composite materials. These piling options have limitations with respect to corrosion, durability, driveablity, and performance. Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) pile is a new alternative that has already been adopted by various state Departments of Transportation in the United States for addressing the limitations that exist with conventional piles. UHPC piles are made of a cementitious composite material mixture that possesses exceptional properties such as higher strength, low capillary porosity, and high resistance to corrosion, making them a suitable option for use as a deep foundation. For several reasons, it is necessary to cast piles with a shorter length and splice them at the site to reach the desired lengths.
  • 114
  • 07 Mar 2024
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