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Topic Review
Aero L-159 Alca
The Aero L-159 ALCA[nb 1] is a subsonic light combat aircraft and advanced trainer developed in the single-seat L-159A and two-seat L-159B versions respectively, produced in the Czech Republic by Aero Vodochody. In 2003, the Czech Air Force fleet of 72 L-159A aircraft was reduced to 24 due to budget constraints. After several years of storage, the government has re-sold most of the redundant aircraft to both military and civilian operators, namely the Iraqi Air Force and Draken International. The L-159 has seen active combat use by the Iraqi Air Force against ISIS. In Draken's service, the L-159 (colloquially known as "Honey Badger") has been employed as an aggressor aircraft. Since 2007, six L-159A aircraft have been rebuilt into T1 trainer derivatives. In 2017, Aero Vodochody unveiled a newly built L-159T1 for the Iraqi Air Force while the Czech Air Force is set to acquire L-159T2 two-seaters.
  • 3.0K
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Aerobic Granular Sludge
The aerobic granular sludge (AGS) method, which has been developed for several years, may represent an alternative to traditional technologies. One of the barriers to AGS deployment is the limited knowledge on the determinants and efficiency of the anaerobic digestion (AD) of AGS, as little research has been devoted to it.
  • 1.2K
  • 08 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Aerobic Granular Sludge–Membrane BioReactor (AGS–MBR)
Membrane-fouling represents a major drawback hampering the wider application of membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology. Fouling can be mitigated by applying aerobic granular sludge technology, a novel kind of biofilm technology characterized by high settleability, strong microbial structure, high resilience to toxic/recalcitrant compounds of industrial wastewater, and the possibility to simultaneously remove organic matter and nutrients. Different schemes can be foreseen for the AGS–MBR process. However, an updated literature review reveals that in the AGS–MBR process, granule breakage represents a critical problem in all configurations, which often causes an increase of pore-blocking.
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Aerodynamic Power Extraction of Large-Scale Wind Turbine Systems
As the impacts of environmental change become more severe, reliable and sustainable power generation and efficient aerodynamic power collection of onshore and offshore wind turbine systems present some of the associated key issues to address. 
  • 520
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Aeroengines’ Bolt Preload Formation Mechanism and Control Technology
The bolt connection structure is widely used in the connection of aeroengine parts, and its connection quality is very important, as it can directly affect the geometric and dynamic performance of the aeroengine. This entry conducts a detailed summary of the aeroengine bolt connection research, in terms of both the tightening mechanism and control technology of bolt connection. It offers a comprehensive review including the tightening mechanism of the single bolt and group bolts, bolt tightening process, and bolt tightening equipment. Besides, the relationship between the tightening mechanism and control technology is summarized. Finally, the future research direction of aeroengine bolt connection through the digital twin is proposed.
  • 516
  • 20 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Aeroflot Fleet
The Aeroflot passenger fleet consists of narrow-body and wide-body aircraft from six aircraft families: the Airbus A320, the Airbus A330, the Airbus A350, the Boeing 737, the Boeing 777, and the Sukhoi Superjet 100. As of March 2020, there are 247 passenger aircraft registered in the Aeroflot fleet. For most of its history, Aeroflot's fleet consisted almost entirely of aircraft built by Soviet manufacturers such as Antonov, Ilyushin, and Tupolev. Following the Soviet Union's dissolution and subsequent partition of the airline, Aeroflot began replacing its old Soviet aircraft with modern Western and some new-generation Russian models. Aeroflot's CEO Vitaly Saveliev intends to make its fleet younger in accordance with its corporate strategy to keep the airline competitive with other international airlines.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Aerogel-Based Plasters
Aerogel has entered the construction field in the last two decades as a component of many insulation products, due to its high thermal performance. Aerogel-based plasters allow the matching of high thermal performance and limited thickness. This makes them suitable when retrofitting an existing building and also when restoring a heritage building. This entry presents the state of the art of the research on aerogel-based plasters as a part of the aerogel-products for the building sector.
  • 1.9K
  • 08 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Aerosol Characteristics on the Himalayan Energy Budget
The extensive work on the increasing burden of aerosols and resultant climate implications shows a matter of great concern.
  • 412
  • 11 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Aerostatic Thrust Bearings
In aerostatic thrust bearings (ATBs), a high-pressure gas film with a certain bearing capacity and stiffness is formed by passing high-pressure gas between the moving surface and the static surface. Aerostatic bearings have outstanding advantages in the following aspects: high precision, high speed, and long service life, etc. They are widely used in many fields, such as high-speed air spindles, precision machine tools, air-bearing guideways, turbine machinery, and high-speed drills.
  • 632
  • 12 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Aesthetic Image Generation Based on Generative Adversarial Networks
Global photographic aesthetic image generation aims to ensure that images generated by generative adversarial networks (GANs) contain semantic information and have global aesthetic feelings. Existing image aesthetic generation algorithms are still in the exploratory stage, and images screened or generated by a computer have not yet achieved relatively ideal aesthetic quality.
  • 109
  • 08 Dec 2023
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