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Topic Review
Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentation of Woody Biomass
As greenhouse gas emissions are continuously increasing, research is now privileging greener and more sustainable human activities. An attractive strategy in the pursuit of sustainability is the valorization of lignocellulosic biomasses for the production of bioethanol. This approach relies on the bioconversion of wood and agricultural waste, which are abundant globally. They represent considerable sources of fermentable sugars that can be recovered through enzymatic hydrolysis. However, the presence of lignin in wood waste makes it more recalcitrant to enzymatic hydrolysis, and reduces the efficiency of the bioconversion process. Therefore, a pretreatment preceding hydrolysis is highly necessary in order to disrupt the resistant structure of woody biomass. The type and severity of the pretreatment affect the outcomes of the hydrolysis and fermentation steps, just as they strongly influence the overall process costs. Given this context, bioenergy production from this biomass is a promising alternative method of sustainably responding to energy demands while reducing the amounts of waste left in nature. 
  • 548
  • 13 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Networked Microgrid Communications
Networked microgrids (NMGs) are developing as a viable approach for integrating an expanding number of distributed energy resources (DERs) while improving energy system performance. NMGs, as compared to typical power systems, are constructed of many linked microgrids that can function independently or as part of a more extensive network. This allows NMGs to be more flexible, dependable, and efficient. The communication network in NMGs enables seamless coordination and information exchange among interconnected microgrids. Real-time monitoring, control, and optimization of energy generation, storage, and consumption are facilitated through this communication network.
  • 342
  • 13 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Parking Demand Prediction Framework
With the development of smart cities and smart transportation, cities can gradually provide people with more information to facilitate their life and travel, and parking is also inseparable from both of them. Accurate on-street parking demand prediction can improve parking resource utilization and parking management efficiency, as well as potentially improve urban traffic conditions.
  • 384
  • 13 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Lean
The term “lean”, as a management concept that allows organizations to remain competitive by removing waste from their processes, has been fully adopted by management researchers.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Improvement in Light Extraction Efficiency
As one of the important performance indicators of Micro-LEDs, external quantum efficiency (EQE) refers to the ratio of the final emitted photon number to the injected carrier number, which can be obtained by the product of the light extraction efficiency (LEE) and internal quantum efficiency (IQE). Therefore, EQE can be improved by improving the LEE. 
  • 411
  • 13 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Architecture of Time-Sensitive Network Configuration Management System
Many network applications are seeking to implement Time-Sensitive Network (TSN) technology, which not only furnishes communication transmission services that are deterministic, low-latency, highly dependable, and have ample bandwidth, but also enables unified configuration management, permitting different network types to function under a single management system. These characteristics enable it to be widely used in many fields such as industrial sensor and actuator networks, in-vehicle networks, data center networks, and edge computing. Nonetheless, TSN’s configuration management faces numerous difficulties and challenges related to network deployment, automated operation, and maintenance, as well as real-time and safety assurance, rendering it exceedingly intricate.
  • 436
  • 13 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Recovery of Metals of Interest from Solid Matrices
The concept of solid matrices refers to a diverse range of waste materials generated from various sources, including agricultural, municipal, and industrial activities. These solid matrices often contain a significant amount of valuable metals, but their recovery can be challenging due to their complex composition and low metal concentration.
  • 319
  • 13 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Development and Implementation of Inverse Design Method
The increasingly stringent requirements in terms of flexibility and efficiency for hydraulic turbines pose new challenges for designers. The inverse three-dimensional design strategy has recently demonstrated its effectiveness in improving the hydraulic machines performance hence representing a valid alternative to the traditional design method.
  • 213
  • 13 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Heart Digital Twin
Today’s healthcare facilities require new digital tools to cope with the rapidly increasing demand for technology that can support healthcare operators. The advancement of technology is leading to the pervasive use of IoT devices in daily life, capable of acquiring biomedical and biometric parameters, and providing an opportunity to activate new tools for the medical community. Digital twins (DTs) are a form of technology that are gaining more prominence in these scenarios. The heart DT is proposed for the evaluation of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals by means of an artificial intelligence component.
  • 347
  • 12 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Applications of Additive Manufacturing Technologies
The term “Additive Manufacturing (AM)” refers to those technologies of building layer upon layer from a 3D model in .STL format through seamless digital Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) integration; by varying the material used, the energy source and other macroparameters, different AM techniques can be specified and can be used for different applications. For the American Society for Testing and Standards (ASTM), there are seven types of AM: (1). Vat Photopolymerisation (VPP): the liquid photopolymer in a vat is selectively cured by light-activated polymerisation; (2).Material Jetting (MJT): the droplets of the build material are selectively deposited; (3). Binder Jetting (BJT): the liquid bonding agent is selectively deposited to join powder materials; (4). Material Extrusion (MEX): the material is selectively dispensed through a nozzle or orifice; (5).Powder Bed Fusion (PBF): the thermal energy selectively fuses regions of a powder bed; (6).Sheet Lamination (SL): sheets of the material are bonded to form an object; (7). Direct Energy Deposition (DED): focused thermal energy is used to fuse materials by melting as they are being deposited. Variable subclasses can also be identified for each of the previous seven main classes based on the materials with which they operate.
  • 353
  • 12 Jul 2023
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