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Topic Review
Biomaterials in 3D Printing
Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, encompasses a wide range of techniques for applications ranging from on-demand production to functional prototypes. 3D printing is mainly used in industrial sectors such as aerospace, automotive, medical, dental, construction, art and fashion. Fossil fuel-based materials, such as plastics and metals, as well as concrete, etc., are widely used to produce 3D-printed products. Innovative 3D technologies using new bio-based renewable materials have shown promising results for everyday applications, opening up new opportunities for sustainable 3D printing in the future.
  • 435
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Sustainable Engineering of an Outdoor Jacket from Waste
Due to the almost linear textile chain, large amounts of non-renewable resources are consumed to produce cheap clothes that are only worn a few times. Particularly problematic are the fiber waste and the enormous water consumption of the textile industry. 
  • 426
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Blockchain Technology and Energy Consumption
Blockchain technology is an information security solution that operates on a distributed ledger system. Blockchain technology has considerable potential for securing Internet of Things (IoT) low-powered devices. Because IoT devices are typically low-powered battery-powered devices, the energy consumption of any blockchain node must be kept low. IoT end nodes are typically low-powered devices expected to survive for extended periods without battery replacement. Energy consumption of blockchain algorithms is an important consideration in any application that combines both technologies, as some blockchain algorithms are infeasible because they consume large amounts of energy, causing the IoT device to reach high temperatures and potentially damaging the hardware; they are also a possible fire hazard.
  • 338
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Urban Flood Runoff Modeling in Japan
Since the 20th century, Japan has experienced a period of very rapid urbanization. Cities have experienced substantial densification and expansion, resulting in gradually elevated flood risk. Urban flooding has also occurred in most large cities in Japan, particularly in Tokyo. In response to this growing problem, much effort and resources have been spent on research and development aimed at understanding, simulating, and managing urban flood risk in Japan.
  • 244
  • 01 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Trends in Hydrogen Storage
Hydrogen is one of the most abundant elements in the universe and ranks as the initial element on the periodic table. Hydrogen storage is one of the most difficult tasks. Hydrogen is kept in special materials and high-pressure tanks, such as those seen in such vehicles as cars and trains. These tanks are not only huge and expensive to construct, but they are also unsuitable for recycling and long-term storage. Because of this, researchers from all around the world are working to find ways to address these limitations and fully use hydrogen. Hydrogen has the advantage of being able to be kept in a variety of forms, including gaseous, liquid, and sometimes solid, despite the fact that storage poses major difficulties.
  • 540
  • 01 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Contact Temperature Measurements on Hybrid Aluminum–Steel Workpieces
The Collaborative Research Center 1153 is investigating a novel process chain for manufacturing high-performance hybrid components. The combination of aluminum and steel can reduce the weight of components and lead to lower fuel consumption. During the welding of aluminum and steel, a brittle intermetallic phase is formed that reduces the service life of the component. After welding, the workpiece is heated inhomogeneously and hot-formed in a cross-wedge rolling process. Since the intermetallic phase grows depending on the temperature during hot forming, temperature control is of great importance.
  • 320
  • 01 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Blockchain-Enabled IoT for Rural Healthcare
Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchains are enabling technologies for modern healthcare applications, offering the improved monitoring of patient health and higher data integrity guarantees. However, in rural settings, communication reliability can pose a challenge that constrains real-time data usage. Additionally, the limited computation and communication resources of IoT sensors also means that they may not participate directly in blockchain transactions, reducing trust. 
  • 217
  • 01 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Robotic System for Crack Inspection
Crack inspection is important to monitor the structural health of pavement structures and make the repair process easier. Currently, pavement crack inspection is conducted manually, which is inefficient and costly at the same time. To solve the problem, researchers developed robotic systems for automated data collection and analysis in real-time. 
  • 339
  • 01 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Hydrothermal Carbonization of Agricultural Biogas Production Process
In agricultural biogas plants, besides biogas, the by-product digestate is also produced. Due to its high moisture content and organic origin, it can successfully be applied in the hydrothermal carbonization process to avoid the fate of landfilling. The type of feedstock and the parameters of the hydrothermal conversion (HTC) process, such as temperature, pressure and residence time, affects the physical and chemical characteristics of hydrochar. Therefore, its possible application might be as a biofuel, fertilizer, soil improver, adsorber, or catalyst. 
  • 446
  • 01 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Operationalizing SLR Resilience with Leading Indicators
Over the last century, eustatic sea-level rise (SLR) has increased more rapidly than it has at any time over the past three millennia. This rapid change, compounded by additional changes in relative vertical elevation at specific locations due to subsidence and isostatic effects, poses a significant threat to coastal communities. The potential impacts to communities include coastal and inland flooding, salt-water intrusion, and coastal erosion. These risks, which are expected to be exacerbated by continuing and accelerating rates of SLR in the future, have precipitated a need to design and implement adaptation measures to curtail future losses and make communities more resilient
  • 416
  • 31 Jul 2023
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