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Topic Review
Clear-channel station
A clear-channel station is an AM radio station in North America that has the highest protection from interference from other stations, particularly concerning night-time skywave propagation. The system exists to ensure the viability of cross-country or cross-continent radio service, and is enforced through a series of treaties and statutory laws. Now known as Class A stations since 1982, they are occasionally still referred to by their former classifications of Class I-A (the highest classification), Class I-B (the next highest class), or Class I-N (for stations in Alaska too far away to cause interference to the primary clear-channel stations in the lower 48 states). The term "clear-channel" is used most often in the context of North America and the Caribbean, where the concept originated. Since 1941, these stations have been required to maintain at least 10,000 watts of power to retain their status. Nearly all these stations in the United States , Canada and The Bahamas broadcast at 50,000 watts, with several clear-channel stations in Mexico going as high as 150,000 watts and XEW in Mexico City operating at 250,000 watts for over 80 years. (Cuba was originally included in the plan and had several stations given clear-channel status, but Cuba stopped participating after 1959.)
  • 2.1K
  • 08 Oct 2022
Biography
Clemens Herschel
Clemens Herschel (March 23, 1842 – March 1, 1930) was an American hydraulic engineer. His career extended from about 1860 to 1930, and he is best known for developing the Venturi meter, which was the first large-scale, accurate device for measuring water flow.[1][2] Clemens was born in Vienna in 1842. His family immigrated to Davenport, Iowa in 1850. He spent most of his life practicing his
  • 875
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Climate and Surfing
Surfing is one of the most popular activities in coastal tourism resorts. However, the sport depends strongly on the met-ocean weather conditions, particularly on the surface wind-generated waves that reach the coast.
  • 488
  • 26 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Climate Change and Citriculture on Citrus
A bibliometric analysis of climate change and citrus investigated this research domain's development and current trends. The period studied was from 1992 to 2022, resulting in 178 documents using the Scopus database. The most significant publishers' countries were also the largest citrus producers in the world, besides being G7 members. Three main research areas were identified: modeling, socio-political issues, and plant physiology. A tendency to change interest from modeling and risk analysis to physiology and stress studies was observed. Additionally, some of the most cited papers observed the positive impacts of climate change on certain citrus crops. Despite the multidisciplinary publications, two main gaps were identified: (i) the lack of investigations with combined stresses (abiotic and biotic) instead of isolated studies; and (ii) the lack of studies of predictive models for citrus production in different conditions and climate change scenarios. There was a tendency toward studying water use and irrigation alternatives due to water scarcity and management solutions to improve the production system's resilience, considering the potential impacts of climate change.
  • 549
  • 24 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Climate Change Dynamics and Energy Consumption in UAE
The implications of climate change on building energy use may be both short-term and long-term. The short-term impacts involve extreme environmental calamities, while the long-term impacts include rising sea levels due to outdoor temperature increases.
  • 167
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Climate Change on Water Sensitive Urban Design Technologies
Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) technologies are green infrastructures those aim to restore the hydrological balance of urban catchments.
  • 311
  • 04 Jun 2024
Topic Review
Climate Change-Related Disaster Risk Mitigation
Instead of addressing the disaster’s underlying risk, the traditional disaster insurance strategy largely focuses on providing financial security for asset recovery after a disaster. This constraint becomes especially concerning as the threat of climate-related disasters grows since it may result in rising long-term damage expenditures.
  • 224
  • 22 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Climate-Adaptive Construction
Creating climate-adaptive energy-efficient structures is also facilitated by using innovative materials, such as phase-change materials (PCM). The energy-saving potential was considered using the example of a three-story office building in China. It was modeled under different climatic conditions. The energy-saving potential of Shenyang, located in a harsh cold climate, was the most sustainable. 
  • 741
  • 01 Apr 2022
Biography
Clive Burlingame Meredith
Clive Burlingame Meredith (February 7, 1892 – April 11, 1932) was an American radio engineer and radio station owner. Meredith served as the founding owner and operator of WSYR-AM, the second oldest radio station in Syracuse, New York.[1] He also assisted the Federal Radio Commission with the developing a means to reduce electromagnetic interference between radio stations.[2] Meredith was b
  • 470
  • 20 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Closed-Loop Supply Chain
A CLSC can be defined as “a supply chain system entailing design and implementation for enhancing the useful value throughout the product life cycle while dynamically extracting value from different returned products”[1].
  • 3.2K
  • 23 Oct 2020
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