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Topic Review
Thin-Film Fabrication for Low-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are amongst the most widely used renewable alternative energy systems with near-zero carbon emission, high efficiency, and environment-friendly features. However, the high operating temperature of SOFCs is still considered a major challenge due to several issues regarding the materials’ corrosion, unwanted reactions between layers, etc. Thus, low-temperature SOFCs (LT-SOFCs) have gained significant interest during the past decades. Despite the numerous advantages of LT-SOFCs, material selection for each layer is of great importance as the common materials have not shown a desirable performance so far. In addition to the selection of the materials, fabrication techniques have a great influence on the properties of the SOFCs. As SOFCs with thinner layers showed lower polarisation resistance, especially in the electrolyte layer, different thin-film fabrication methods have been employed, and their effect on the overall performance of SOFCs has been evaluated.
  • 748
  • 23 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Energy Storage Systems in Microgrids
Energy storage systems (ESSs) are commonly used to shift the electric energy time and reduce operation costs by storing electrical energy during low-cost and excess power periods and injecting power during peak hours. Energy storage technologies have a wide range of applications in microgrids, including providing backup power and balancing the supply and demand of energy.
  • 311
  • 22 Aug 2023
Topic Review
In-Wheel Motor Drive Systems for Electric Vehicles
There has been significant attention given to the electrification of transportation due to concerns about fossil fuel depletion and environmental pollution. Conventional drive systems typically include a clutch, reduction gear, and mechanical differential, which results in power loss, noise, vibration, and additional maintenance. However, in-wheel motor drive technology eliminates the need for these components, providing benefits such as higher system efficiency, improved wheel control, and increased passenger comfort.
  • 939
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Machine Learning-Enhanced Biosensors for Non-Invasive Sampling
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of widespread testing for SARS-CoV-2, leading to the development of various new testing methods. However, traditional invasive sampling methods can be uncomfortable and even painful, creating barriers to testing accessibility. 
  • 390
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Potentially Open Research Directions for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
The open development axis for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)  involves creating a collaborative ecosystem where developers, researchers, and users can work together to build open source platforms, tools, and standards for UAV design, development, and operation. This approach allows for greater innovation and flexibility in the UAV industry, including the integration of AI and ML algorithms to enhance autonomous flight and decision-making capabilities. Further challenges and open research directions can be elaborated upon in the following points.
  • 568
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
6G Core Network Based on Intelligent Decision Making
The rapid progress of 6G mobile communication technologies has sparked considerable research interest due to the escalating complexity of network service demands and the increasingly diversified nature of application scenarios. As such, the core architectural framework of 6G faces a pressing and multifaceted set of challenges that necessitate sophisticated and forward-thinking approaches to resolution.
  • 424
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Social and Financial Sustainability of Real Estate Investment
Real estate markets play a crucial role in the economy, providing opportunities for investment and housing. Blockchain technology has emerged as a potential solution among other Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs), offering secure transactions and transparency through encryption algorithms and reducing dependence on intermediaries. It has the potential to revolutionize real estate by reducing reliance on third-party verification and intermediaries, lowering costs, and increasing transparency to mitigate fraud risk. This entry assess the knowledge and perceptions of professionals in the real estate sector and evaluate the possible impact of the technology in the Portuguese market.
  • 260
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Biophilic Design in Preschool Interiors
Modern living has made nature more and more difficult for individuals to access, but the yearning to connect with nature still exists. Children are particularly affected by this, as they have to stay indoors while separated from their parents, which is especially true for them. Biophilic design is an architectural and interior design concept that aims to bring humans closer to nature by integrating natural components into the built environment. 
  • 281
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Popular Carbon-based Thin Films and Their Lubrication Performances
To comply with the high demand for efficient and sustainable lubrications, in-situ carbon-based tribofilms and/or nanomaterials have emerged as a potential solution that can resolve the current major shortcomings of phosphorus- and sulphur-rich tribofilms and protective coatings. Although their employment is still in the early stages of realization and research, these tribofilms receive significant interest due to their capability to continuously and in situ repair/replenish themselves during sliding, which has been an ultimate goal of all moving mechanical systems. Structurally, these tribofilms are complex and predominantly amorphous or disordered with/without graphitic domains (e.g., graphene/graphite, onion-like carbon, etc.). Chemically, the compositions of these tribofilms can vary significantly with environments, conditions, and material precursors. 
  • 417
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Electroencephalography for Neurological Disorders Rehabilitation
In clinical scenarios, the use of biomedical sensors, devices and multi-parameter assessments is fundamental to provide a comprehensive portrait of patients’ state, in order to adapt and personalize rehabilitation interventions and support clinical decision-making. Electroencephalography (EEG) measures the electrical activity of the brain and can monitor the complex neuronal activity and its changes.
  • 330
  • 21 Aug 2023
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