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Topic Review
Flexible Photovoltaics
Flexible PVs encompass the second and third generations of photovoltaic (PV) materials. Both perovskite (PSCs) and organic PV (OPV) can be integrated into PV textile membranes, which benefit from their flexibility and easy production techniques, similar to textile processes, and this has created new markets for PV applications. The flexibility of solar cells mainly depends on the substrates used. They can be divided into (i) plastic and (ii) metallic substrates. Plastic ones are composed of polymeric materials (e.g., PEN, PET, PTFE, ETFE). These substrates are characterised by low cost, high optical transparency, chemical stability, and favourable bendability.
  • 128
  • 22 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Semantic Segmentation of Key Railroad Structures
To ensure efficient railroad operation and maintenance management, the accurate reconstruction of railroad Building Information Modeling (BIM models is a crucial step. The segmentation of railroad point cloud data is often challenging due to the large volume and complex structure of the data, making manual division a time-consuming and labor-intensive task. However, the dominant structures in railroads are typically linear, such as tracks and power lines, which allows for segmentation by leveraging geometric features and corresponding algorithms.
  • 187
  • 22 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Drive Cycles for Electrochemical Propulsion
Automotive drive cycles have existed since the 1960s. They started as requirements as being solely used for emissions testing. During the past decade, they became popular with scientists and researchers in the testing of electrochemical vehicles and power devices. They help simulate realistic driving scenarios anywhere from system to component-level design. 
  • 247
  • 22 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Crack Analysis in Structures Using Image Processing Technique
Structural health monitoring (SHM) involves the control and analysis of mechanical systems to monitor the variation of geometric features of engineering structures. Damage processing is one of the issues that can be addressed by using several techniques derived from image processing. There are two types of SHM: contact-based and non-contact methods. Sensors, cameras, and accelerometers are examples of contact-based SHM, whereas photogrammetry, infrared thermography, and laser imaging are non-contact SHM techniques. 
  • 257
  • 22 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Earthquake Consideration in Architectural Design: Guidelines for Architects
The need for architects and engineers to take earthquake resilience into account in their designs is becoming increasingly critical as urbanization keeps growing and more people move into earthquake-prone areas. Architectural earthquake-resistant designs are necessary to protect building integrity and occupant safety during seismic disasters.
  • 1.0K
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Electric Vehicle in Energy-V2G, V2H, V2V
Electric vehicles (EVs) are inducing revolutionary developments to the transportation and power sectors. Their innumerable benefits are forcing nations to adopt this sustainable mode of transport. Governments are framing and implementing various green energy policies. Nonetheless, there exist several critical challenges and concerns to be resolved in order to reap the complete benefits of E-mobility. The impacts of unplanned EV charging are a major concern. Accurate EV load forecasting followed by an efficient charge scheduling system could, to a large extent, solve this problem. This entry focuses on short-term EV demand forecasting using three learning frameworks, which were applied to real-time adaptive charging network (ACN) data, and performance was analyzed. Auto-regressive (AR) forecasting, support vector regression (SVR), and long short-term memory (LSTM) frameworks demonstrated good performance in EV charging demand forecasting. Among these, LSTM showed the best performance with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 4 kW and a root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of 5.9 kW.
  • 158
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Enhanced Humidification–Dehumidification (HDH) Systems for Sustainable Water Desalination
Water scarcity is a pressing global issue driving the need for efficient and sustainable water reuse and desalination technologies. Humidification–dehumidification (HDH) has emerged as a promising method for small-scale and decentralized systems.
  • 236
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Intelligent Road Management System for Vehicles
Autonomous vehicles, non-autonomous vehicles, and VIP (emergency) autonomous cars are using intelligent road management techniques to interact with one another and enhance the effectiveness of the traffic system. All sorts of vehicles are managed and under control using the intersection management unit approach. 
  • 177
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Evacuation Simulation under Threat of Wildfire
Wildfires have become a common incident, and they have been threatening people’s lives and assets. In the communities close to wildlands or wildland–urban interfaces (WUI), these threats become increasingly serious, and in case of wildfires, people are advised or often have to evacuate the area to save their lives. In order to have a safe and effective evacuation, data on people’s behavior and decisions during wildfires, evacuation modeling, and traffic simulations are required. 
  • 234
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Machine Learning Algorithms
Machine learning (ML) has grown rapidly over the past few decades and has widely used applications not only limited to healthcare problems, such as predicting drug discoveries and diagnosing diseases, but also in other fields, such as mechanics, robotics, and image recognition. In simple words, ML is a rapidly developing field of computational algorithms that aims to replicate human intelligence by adapting to their surroundings and learning from them.
  • 483
  • 21 Sep 2023
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